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Showing 1553 articles

January, 2021  Volume (52 - 1)
Allelopathy, biomass, fescue, Festica arundinacea, leaf aqueous extracts, malondialdehyde, mix sowing, physiological indices, soluble sugar, root activity.
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Allelopathic effects of Festuca arundinacea variety Millennium2 leaf aqueous extracts on seedlings growth of 10 fescue varieties
  • Pages - 71-82
  • Xiao Xu, Zhongyin Liang, Xiaoyu Li , Ruixia Yang and Jichen Xu
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  • View Abstract  The allelopathic effects of fescue (Festuca arundinacea) variety ‘Milennium’ 2 leaf aqueous extracts on 10 fescue varieties were assayed. The 50 mg·ml-1 treatment increased the biomass and physiological indices (soluble sugar content, malondialdehyde content and root activity), whereas the 100 mg·ml-1 and 150 mg·ml-1 treatments were inhibitory. There was variable response of fescue varieties to different treatments, the varieties (Aries, Millennium2, and Free star) were most sensitive to the leaf extracts, while Greenlabel, Lenge maste, and Arid3 varieties were least sensitive. The treatments most affected the physiological factor, relative electrolyte leakage, followed by the soluble sugar content, malondialdehyde content, and root activity. These results suggested that sowing an appropriate combination and proportion of grass varieties may be better to improve the lawn quality than the continuous use of a single grass variety.


January, 2021  Volume (52 - 1)
Allelopathy, apoptosis mechanism, Bidens pilosa, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Fagopyrum tataricum, Galinsoga parviflora, oxidative damage, RBC, root border cells, Tartary buckwheat
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Allelopathic effects of weed spp on the root border cells of Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn
  • Pages - 83-102
  • Y.Y. Xie, L.X. Yao, S. Wei, S.H. He, L. Chen and D.W. Ma
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  • View Abstract  We studied the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Chenopodium ambrosioides L., and Bidens pilosa L. weed species on the developmental characteristics of Tartary buckwheat RBCs. The increase in the concentration of aqueous extracts, there was increase in apoptosis rate and mucigel thickness of the RBCs, level of intracellular reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, but decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential (P <0.05). The allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of donor weed species on RBCs followed the order: C. ambrosioides > B. pilosa > G. parviflora. The increased levels of reactive oxygen species, nitric oxide and the reduced potential of mitochondrial membrane, further disrupted the homeostasis and normal metabolism of cells, thereby inducing the cell death. Among the three weed species, C. ambrosioides had the most significant impact.


January, 2021  Volume (52 - 1)
Bohemian knotweed, early growth, extract, Fallopia japonica, germination, high pressure liquid chromatography, Japanese knotweed, oxidative stress, phytotoxicity, radish, Raphanus sativus, rhizome
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Effects of rhizome extracts from invasive knotweed species Fallopia japonica and F. ×bohemica on radish seed germination and root growth of seedlings
  • Pages - 103-118
  • K. Å oln, M. Likar and J. Dolenc Koce
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  • View Abstract  Japanese knotweed (Fallopia japonica) (Houtt.) Ronse Decr. and Bohemian knotweed (F. ×bohemica) (Chrtek and Chrtková) J. P. Bailey are invasive plants in Slovenia. We studied the effects of aqueous extracts [0.5 %, 1 %, 2 %, 5 % and 10 % (w/v)] from rhizomes of F. japonica and F. ×bohemica on the seeds of radish (Raphanus sativus) and examined the morphological and biochemical changes during germination and early growth of seedlings. Germination and early growth of radish were monitored 3, 5 and 7 days after treatment. Extracts of these two knotweed taxa delayed seed germination and strongly reduced the length of the primary root, but had less effect on shoot growth. These extracts triggered stress-induced morphogenic responses in the treated radish seedlings, stimulating the formation of lateral roots at low concentrations and causing inhibition at high concentrations. The extract concentration and not the knotweed taxon influenced the biochemical markers of oxidative stress in the radish. Total antioxidative capacity was increased in treated radish seedlings. The extract of F. japonica had a greater impact on the radish morphology than that of F. ×bohemica, with similar influences on the biochemical parameters. High pressure liquid chromatography identified emodin, resveratrol, catechin and epicatechin in the rhizomes of both knotweed species. Their contents were species dependent.


January, 2021  Volume (52 - 1)
Algicidal bioassay, allelochemicals, Amaranthus viridis, bioactivity, Echinacea purpurea, herbicides, Microcystis aeruginosa, NMR, Portulaca oleracea
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Bioactivity of allelochemicals isolated from the roots of Echinacea purpurea L. Moench on Amaranthus viridis L., Portulaca oleracea L. and Microcystis aeruginosa
  • Pages - 119-130
  • Xiao Jing-Lei1, Zhang Yan-Xin, Jia Cheng-Guo, Zhang Ming-Zhe, Chen Wei, Zhang Yu-Bin, Li Bin, Wei Dong-Sheng, Wu Gang, Du Xing-Linand Qin Jian-Chun
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Based on the bioassay-guided strategy, we isolated 6-six allelochemicals [cichoric acid (I), 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid (II), 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (III), chlorogenic acid (IV), 1-hydroxy-2-phthoic acid (V), echinacoside (VI)] from the roots of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. Their structures were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) spectroscopic data. The bioassays studies included allelopathic and algicidal activities to test the effects of extracts and isolated fractions against the test weeds (Amaranthus viridis L., Portulaca oleracea L. and Microcystis aeruginosa Kutzing). At 100 µg/mL, compound (II) inhibited the shoot length and germination of A. viridis and P. oleracea weeds with the germination RI of -0.95±0.04 and -0.95±0.02, respectively. Furthermore, compound (III) showed the strongest inhibition of root length of P. oleracea L. We also found that compounds I-VI have algicidal activity. The compound (I) at low inoculum (5.0×102 cells mL-1) and high inoculum (1.0×104 cells mL-1), showed the highest algicidal activity of 78 % and 87.67 % 6 h after the treatment at 5 µg mL-1 respectively.


January, 2021  Volume (52 - 1)
Acacia confuse, Acacia podalyriifolia, Allelopathy, bare soils, Bauhinia purpurea, broad-leaved trees, Celtis sinensis, Eucalytus urophylla, E. urophylla soil, forest restoration, island, other plants soil, rhizosphere soil, total phenols
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Screening of broad-leaved tree species to restore Eucalyptus urophylla Blake. forest on Sanjiao Island, China
  • Pages - 131-142
  • L.X. Chang,F.Y. Zhang, Z.K. Zhang, B.M. Chen, S.S. Ye and Q.Y. Zhang
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  • View Abstract  This study aimed to test the allelopathic effects of Eucalytus urophylla Blake. forest soil on 5-native broad-leaved tree species (Bauhinia purpurea L., Acacia confusa Merr., Acacia podalyriifolia A. Cunn. ex G. Don., Celtis sinensis Pers. Liquidambar formosana Hance) to select suitable species for restoration of E. urophylla forest. Three types of soils [E. urophylla soil, other plants soil and bare soil] were used to determine their allelopathic potential. The total phenols concentrations in soil were measured, and the correlations between total phenols and plant growth indices were analyzed. E. urophylla soil significantly inhibited the basal diameters of Bauhinia purpurea L. and Acacia confusa Merr. and biomass of Acacia podalyriifolia A. Cunn. ex G. Don. but significantly improved the biomass of Celtis sinensis Pers. and diameter of Liquidambar formosana Hance. The total phenols in soil accounted for these results, except for A. podalyriifolia. Thus, L. formosana, C. sinensis and A. confusa can be suggested as suitable tree spp to establish mixed stands with E. urophylla. Besides, B. purpurea, A. podalyriifolia, A. confusa and L. formosana can be used for restoration in bare soil, while B. purpurea, A. confusa and L. formosana are suitable species to restore vegetation in other plants soil.


March, 2021  Volume (52 - 2)
cover crop residues, phenolic acids, seedling effects, soil processes, weeds
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Pioneers of Allelopathy: XVII. Udo Blum
  • Pages - 143-162
  • Udo Blum
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  • View Abstract  Udo Blum had a teaching and research career of 34 years. His primary role was teaching, advising, and mentoring undergraduate and graduate students. He authored or co-authored research publications on plant-plant allelopathic interactions, air pollution biology, and salt marsh biology. He retired in 2002 and has subsequently written a three-volume retrospective analysis of his research on plant-plant allelopathic interactions involving phenolic acids. His primary research goals were to understand: (i) how cinnamic and benzoic acids released from plants into the soil affect sensitive seedlings and soil and rhizosphere microorganisms, (ii) how phenolic acids are distributed and partitioned in seedling-microbe-soil-sand systems and (iii) how their effects on sensitive seedlings are modified by abiotic soil factors (soil pH, soil moisture, soil nutrients, presence of other organic compounds) and soil processes (microbial utilization and soil sorption) in laboratory and field model systems. In 1999 he received the Molisch Award from the International Allelopathic Society for his research contributions to our understanding of Plant-plant allelopathic interactions.


March, 2021  Volume (52 - 2)
Allelopathy, bibliometric analysis, collaborative allelopathy Research, Development, keyword analysis, plant allelopathy, Research, Web of Science.
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Plant Allelopathy Research and Development: 60 Years (1960-2019)
  • Pages - 163-180
  • J.L. Wang, Z.H. Zhang, C. Hu, R.Y. Fu and G. Hu
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  • View Abstract  Plant allelopathy is a biological phenomenon in which plants adapt to defend against the pests (weeds, insects, nematodes and pathogens) adverse environment. It is one of the hotspots in Ecology and Agronomy. In this paper, we have retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) SCI-E database the allelopathy-related studies (1960-2019). The Annual Number of Publications, Authors, Countries, Institutions, Journals and Keywords were analyzed by the bibliometric method to determine the research trends and hotspot changes in this field over the past 6 decades. From 1960-2019, the WoS database included 4,114 studies in the field of plant allelopathy. During this period of 60 years, the number of publications has gone through three stages: (i). Initial Stage (1960-1990), (ii). Growing Stage (1991-2009) and (iii). Stable Stage (2010-2019). The studies were conducted by 9,956 authors at 2,166 institutions across 100 countries. The United States, China, and Japan have the highest number of publications. The top three institutions with the highest number of publications are the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kagawa University and USDA, USA.


March, 2021  Volume (52 - 2)
Allelochemical, auxin transport, gene expression, oxidative stress, phytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species, root tip, ultrastructure
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Allelopathic root inhibition and its mechanisms
  • Pages - 181-198
  • K. Å oln and J. Dolenc Koce
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  • View Abstract  Allelopathy represents a valuable biochemical strategy in plant-plant interactions among different plants, e.g. among crops and weeds. It is an important strategy in the colonization of many invasive alien plants. Allelopathic plants affect the growth of other plants in the vicinity through the release of secondary metabolites (allelochemicals) into the soil. In particular, many allelochemicals suppress the root growth of target plants, but little is known about the mechanism involved in root growth inhibition. In this review, we will highlight the mechanism of root suppression involving: (i) Alterations in auxin homeostasis affecting polar auxin transport and root gravitropism, (ii) Biochemical and physiological processes in inhibited roots associated with oxidative stress due to direct production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species or suppression of antioxidative response and (iii) The ultrastructural modifications in root tip exposed to allelochemicals that drastically suppress the cell division and eventually lead to shorter roots of target plants.


March, 2021  Volume (52 - 2)
Allelochemicals, allelopathy, antioxidant enzymes, celery, Column chromatography, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, GCMS, rotten roots and rhizosphere soil
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Allelopathic effects of acetone extract from celery rotten roots and rhizosphere soil on cucumber pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum
  • Pages - 199-212
  • Jiahua Guo, Zhaoxin Wu, Xingfu Yun Nimisha Amist and Lei Li
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  • View Abstract  We studied the inhibitory effects of allelochemicals extracted from celery (Apium graveolens L.) rotten roots and rhizosphere soil on Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum (FOC). The allelochemicals were extracted and separated by column chromatography from the acetone extracts of celery rotten roots and rhizosphere soil. After extraction each fraction was mixed with potato dextrose agar (PDA) culture medium and then inoculated with FOC. The best fraction was screened by measuring the colony diameter and its effects on FOC was determined by evaluating the activities of antioxidant enzymes. The allelochemicals of best fractions were detected using GC-MS. The best fractions obtained after second run in column chromatography were labeled as RRA32, RRA38, RRA101, RRA102 and RRSA55, RRSA56, RRSA105, RRSA106 and they had allelopathic potential of 29.68 %, 31.97 %, 40.38 %, 41.55 % and 29.51 %, 29.47 %, 29.30 % and 32.85 % respectively. The antioxidants enzymes (peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase) activities were significantly lower in treated FOC than control. Using the 8-best fractions, the GC-MS analysis yielded, total 47 compounds viz., 7 organic acids, 17 esters, 1 phenol, 1 alcohol, 1 aldehyde, 5 nitrogen-containing compounds and 2 carbides.


March, 2021  Volume (52 - 2)
Antioxidant enzymes, Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai, defense-related genes, fatty acids, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum, reactive oxygen species, watermelon.
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Effects of Exogenously applied palmitic acid on systemic resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai)
  • Pages - 213-224
  • J.M. Kou, M. K. Rahman, W.T. Du, L. Yang, D.L. Li, W.H. Li and K. Pan
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  • View Abstract  We studied the effects of exogenously applied palmitic acid (PA) on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, defense-related enzyme activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of roots and analyzed the response of defense-related genes in Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.niveum (FON) inoculated watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. et Nakai). Our results showed that as compared to control, PA reduced the morbidity of Fusarium wilt by 33.3 % and disease severity by 53.2 %, increased the level of ROS of watermelon roots at early infection stage and the activity of defense related enzymes, and decreased the MDA content of watermelon roots. Moreover, PA up-regulated the expression of disease defense-related genes. These results suggested that PA promoted the accumulation of ROS and up-regulated the transcript level of defense-related genes and eventually induced the systemic resistance in watermelon against FON.


March, 2021  Volume (52 - 2)
Absolute abundance, Bacillus, bacteria, cabbage, celery, crop rotation , cucumber, disease Index, kidney bean, microbial community abundance, Plant-soil feedback, rhizosphere soil, seedlings, soil fungi, Soil microorganisms, tomato
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Effects of crop rotations on microbial community in rhizosphere soil of cucumber seedlings and its feedback
  • Pages - 225-238
  • X.J. He, M. Khashi u Rahman, W.W. Zhu and F.Z. Wu
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  • View Abstract  We studied the effects of 7-crop rotations and continuous - monocropping systems on soil microorganism and its feedback. The results showed that absolute abundance of soil bacteria (Pseudomonas and Bacillus) in tomato - celery - cucumber - cabbage and cucumber - tomato - cucumber - cabbage rotation were significantly higher than control (CK). Absolute abundance of soil fungi in tomato - celery - cucumber - cabbage, kidney bean - celery - cucumber - cabbage, cucumber - kidney bean - cucumber - cabbage and cucumber - tomato - cucumber - cabbage rotation were significantly higher than CK. Dry weight of cucumber seedlings was significantly positively correlated with bacterial (Pseudomonas and Bacillus) abundance, and negatively correlated with fungal count. The results of inoculation with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum showed that plant dry weight of cucumber seedlings in tomato - celery - cucumber - cabbage, cucumber - kidney bean - cucumber - cabbage, cucumber - tomato - cucumber - cabbage rotation soil was significantly higher than other treatments, and their disease index was significantly lower than other treatments. There was no significant difference in dry weight of cucumber seedlings in rotation and CK in the soil sterilization test. The results of plant - soil feedback experiment showed that soil microbial changes caused by different rotation patterns had a positive feedback effect on growth of cucumber seedlings.


March, 2021  Volume (52 - 2)
Allium cepa var. agrogatum, Lycopersicon esculenum, plant interaction, potato-onion, root morphology, tomato, VOCs
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Effects of potato-onion intercropping on root morphology of tomato through volatile organic compounds
  • Pages - 239-250
  • J.B. Shi; X.Y. Gong; M. Khashi u Rahman; T. Yuan; M.Q. Li; X.G. Zhou and F.Z. Wu
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  • View Abstract  Facilitative interactions occur between the plants in intercropping systems, however, the underlying allelopathy mechanisms are poorly understood. We determined the effects of potato-onion (Allium cepa var. agrogatum Don.) intercrop on root morphology of tomato (Lycopersicon esculenum L.) through volatile organic compounds (VOCs). There were four treatments as (i) Tomato/tomato without VOCs interaction (-TT), (ii) Tomato/tomato with VOCs interaction (+TT, control), (iii) Potato-onion/tomato without VOCs interaction (-OT) and (iv) Potato-onion/tomato with VOCs interaction +(OT) in glasshouses. As compared to tomato, VOCs from potato-onion significantly increased the number of root tips total length but decreased the root diameter of tomato, however significantly the increase the tomato root length (0-0.5 mm mean diameter). These results indicated that the tomato root morphology has influenced by aboveground secreted VOCs from neighboring plants in potato-onion intercropping system.


March, 2021  Volume (52 - 2)
Acid phosphatase, allelopathy, disease incidence, enzyme activity, ginseng cultivation, ginsenoside, growth, incidence, laccase. Panax ginseng, Soil sickness, sucrose, urease
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Allelopathic effects of ginsenoside on soil sickness, soil enzymes, soil disease index and plant growth of Ginseng
  • Pages - 251-260
  • Y. Zhan, E.P. Wang, H. Wang, X. Chen, X.R. Meng, Q. Liand C.B. Chen
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  • View Abstract  Soil sickness of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) has become a major limiting factor in ginseng cultivation. We found that Total Ginsenoside in Ginseng Root (TSPG) significantly decreased the activities of soil urease, acid phosphatase and laccase. Its high concentration of TSPG (10.00 mg L-1) significantly reduced the activity of soil sucrose. Besides, the TSPG can inhibited the growth of ginseng and increased the incidence of disease. Therefore, allelopathic effects of TSPG may be one of the main causes of Soil Sickness in ginseng.


March, 2021  Volume (52 - 2)
Acinetobacter, allelochemicals, allelopathic potential, Bacillus, Casuarina equisetifolia, inhibitory effects, metabolites, root endophytic bacteria, seeds germination, Staphylococcus.
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Allelopathic potential of root endophytic bacterial metabolites on seeds germination of Casuarina equisetifolia
  • Pages - 261-276
  • P. Chen, R. Huang, L.Z. Zuo, Y.Q. Zhangand L. Li
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  • View Abstract  We determined the role of endophytic bacteria of C. equietifolia, involved in synthesis of allelochemicals. The root endophytic bacteria were isolated and their biological activity was studied to determine their allelopathic potential in fermentation broth. Twenty one species of endophytic bacteria were isolated from the C. equisetifolia roots, of which Bacillus were the dominant genus, Acinetobacter and Staphylococcus were other dominant genera. These 21 endophytic bacteria inhibited the seeds germination of C. equisetifolia, among which Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was most inhibitory. Main allelopathic components of fermentation broth of 3-endophytic bacteria (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus aryabhattai and Paenibacillus glycanilyticus) with strongest allelopathic potential were rich in phenols, esters, organic acids, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones etc. Among them, two allelopathic substances [2,2'-methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-Phenol and 1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol] were present in both endophytic bacteria fermentation broth and in root and soil extracts. These results confirmed that the secondary metabolites of C. equisetifolia root endophytic bacteria were allelopathic.


March, 2021  Volume (52 - 2)
Allelochemicals, allelopathic effects, aqueous extract, inhibition, metabolism, mungbean, Neanotis lancifolia plumule, radicle, rice, seed germination, seedling growth.
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Allelopathic potential of weed Neanotis lancifolia (Hook.f.) W.H. Lewis on seed germination and metabolism of mungbean and rice
  • Pages - 277-290
  • S.D. Torawane and D.N. Mokat
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  • View Abstract  In Laboratory and Field bioassays, the higher concentrations of shoot aqueous extracts of Neanotis lancifolia (Hook. f.) W.H. Lewis proved inhibitory to mungbean and rice. The highest concentration (10 %) of aqueous extract reduced the plumule and radicle length of both test crops. From the N. Lancifolia extracts, 15- allelochemicals (Phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, flavonols and glycerol) were identified by GC-MS. Of these 5 were major allelochemicals [Oleic acid, Glycidyl oleate, Linoleic acid, Palmitic acid and 18-Nonadecenoic acid]. These compounds at 5 DAS (days after sowing) significantly inhibited the seed germination in mungbean (58.38 %) and rice (57.48 %) at 5 DAS. The inhibitory effects of allelochemicals on seeds germination followed the order: Oleic acid> Glycidyl oleate >Linoleic acid > Palmitic acid > 18-Nonadecenoic acid. The radicle and plumule growth at 11 DAS also followed the same trend. The metabolic changes in both mungbean and rice crops revealed that the aqueous extract reduced the protein, carbohydrates, phenols, tannins and flavonoids contents and the reductions were concentration dependent. We found that the allelopathic potential of N. lancifolia (Hook.f.) W.H. Lewis was due to the presence of 15 inhibitory compounds identified in its extract.


May, 2021  Volume (53 - 1)
Allelopathy, Chinese medicinal plants, continuous monoculture problems, molecular ecology, Pioneers of Allelopathy, rhizosphere biology, rice, soil sickness
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Pioneers of Allelopathy: XVII. Wenxiong Lin
  • Pages - 14-Jan
  • Changxun Fang
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  • View Abstract 

    Wenxiong Lin did research for > 30 years in plant molecular ecology and agro-ecology, rice allelopathy and continuous monoculture problems/soil sickness of Chinese medicinal plants. His 20 Patents and most publications (about 100) have focussed on (i). Gene regulation of allelochemicals biosynthesis in allelopathic rice, (ii). allelopathic inhibitory effects on weeds, (iii). continuous monoculture problems/soil sickness in medicinal plants and (iv). the influence of allelochemicals and monoculture practice on the rhizospheric micro-environment. He helped in development of microbial fertilizer to alleviate the autotoxicity problem in continuous cropping of Radix pseudostellariae and Rehmannia glutinosa, etc. He had been the President of Asian Allelopathy Society, and got the outstanding achievement from the platform of International Allelopathy Foundation. His student, Dr. Changxun Fang got Rice Award and Grodzinsky Award respectively in the 6th and 8th World Congress of International Allelopathy Society. His elucidation of the molecular ecological mechanism of rice allelopathy was awarded the II Class Prize of Fujian Provincial Scientific and Technological Progress Award in 2007. His researches to find the mechanism of development of continuous cropping obstacle/soil sickness in R. pseudostellariae and its remedy was awarded the I Class Prize of Fujian Provincial Scientific and Technological Progress Award in 2020.


May, 2021  Volume (53 - 1)
Allelopathy, Eupatorium adenophorum, Euptox A, invasive plant, natural product, soil microbe
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Allelopathic plants 29: Eupatorium adenophorum Sprengel
  • Pages - 15-22
  • Xunzhi Zhu, Kaimei Zhang and Shijie Tang
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  • View Abstract  Eupatorium adenophorum is worldwide-spread invasive plant. This review focussed on unique metabolite, Euptox A, released by this plant and its importance in invasion, use and control. Based on previous literature, it is concluded that the mechanism of the invader’s success has a close relationship with a special compound, Euptox A. Its release and degradation mostly determines the spread of E. adenophorum. Besides, the control and use of this invasive species should consider the toxicity of Euptox A. This review suggests that the secondary metabolite, Euptox A, might be a key in controlling and using this invasive plant. This review will increase our knowledge of the role of a natural chemical in biological invasion.


May, 2021  Volume (53 - 1)
Biochemical markers, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation products, maize, Metopolophium dirhodum, oxidative stress, protein bound carbonyls, rose-grass aphid, superoxide anion radicals O2-.
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Biochemical markers of oxidative stress in maize seedlings exposed to rose-grass aphid, Metopolophium dirhodum
  • Pages - 23-34
  • I. Lukasik and S. Golawska
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  • View Abstract  We studied the influence of rose-grass aphid (Metopolophium dirhodum L.) infestation on the biochemical markers of oxidative stress in seedlings of two maize (Zea mays L.) varieties (relatively resistant Ambrozja and resistant Plomyk). We compared the generation of superoxide anion radicals O2-, level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation products (MDA) as well as markers of protein damage (protein-bound carbonyl groups). The studied parameters were measured at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h post-initial aphid infestation compared to the non-infested control seedlings. Our studies indicated that the rose-grass aphid feeding evoked oxidative stress in the maize seedlings. Investigated Z. mays cultivars exhibited excessive generation of superoxide anion radicals in response to insect treatments. Rose-grass aphid feeding increased the H2O2 level in maize tissues with similar levels observed at most periods post-infestation with M. dirhodum, also increased lipid peroxidation products with the maximal levels at 48 and 72 h for Ambrozja and 48, 72 and 96 h post-infestation for Plomyk varieties. Further at 48 and 72 h post-initial aphid infestation, there was an increase in protein bound carbonyl groups content in the maize seedlings after infestation with aphids.


May, 2021  Volume (53 - 1)
Pisanglilin, Allomones, Pest resistance, Odoiporus longicollis, Stigmasterol-3-O- glucoside, Sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol, 20- hydroxyecdysone, Musa paradisiaca
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Allomones confer resistance to Musa paradisiaca L. cultivar Pisanglilin against infestation by Odoiporus longicollis [Oliver] and characterization of Allomones
  • Pages - 35-52
  • K.J. Kavitha, L. Sibina and D.A. Evans
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  • View Abstract  In bioassay guided extraction of pseudostem powder of Pisanglilin by organic solvents we found the larvicidal activity in acetone extract, whose column chromatography by methanol-chloroform mixture separated the extract into 9-fractions, of which the 8th fraction showed larvicidal activity. Subfractionation of the active fraction by column chromatography resulted in the isolation of two larvicidal molecules [Stigmasterol-3-O-glucoside (SOG) and Sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol (SQDG)]. Yield of SOG was 0.002 % and SQDG was 0.005 % and both were highly toxic to O. longicollis larvae with LD50 of 0.40 and 0.378 ppm, respectively. Larvae fed these compounds stopped feeding on third day and died within one week. SOG inhibited the amylase and protease activity of gut and induced histolysis in the mid gut. While SQDG inhibited the leucine amino peptidase and trypsin like serine protease activities, which decreased the content of total free amino acids. Imbalance in the activities of aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase disrupted the aminoacid metabolism and the compound inhibited the activity of tyrosinase (an enzyme involved in cuticle development). SQDG toxicity caused accumulation of 20-hydroxyecdysone, the active moulting hormone in the hemolymph. Simultaneous action of two allomones present in Pisanglilin effectively resisted the attack of endophytic larvae in the pseudostem and thereby conferred resistance against infestation by O.longicollis. Preliminary study by intrapseudostem injection of Pisanglilin extract in susceptible M.paradisiaca cultivar Kappa, gave complete protection to it from attack by this pest, under field condition.


May, 2021  Volume (53 - 1)
Allelopathy, Borrreria alata, Cleome rutidosperma, eco-friendly, herbicidal potential, invasive weeds, methanolic extracts, Oryza sativa f. spontanea, Parthenium hysterophorus, weed management, Weedy rice.
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Allelopathic potential of Malaysian invasive weed species on Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea Roshev)
  • Pages - 53-68
  • Mst. Motmainna, Abdul Shukor B Juraimi, Md. Kamal Uddin, Norhayu Binti Asib, A. K. M. Mominul Islam and Mahmudul Hasan
  • View 
  • View Abstract  In laboratory bioassay, we studied the effects of methanolic extracts of 30-Malaysian invasive weed species (9 families) on the seeds survival rate and seedlings growth of Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea Roshev). Five concentrations [6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 100 (g L-1)] of methanolic extracts were used and control was distilled water. The Weedy rice seeds survival rate and seedlings growth (radicle and hypocotyl length) of 7-day-old seedlings were reduced by the increasing concentrations of extracts than control. Probit analysis and the concentrations required for 50% inhibition (EC50) showed that radicle growth was more suppressed than seeds survival rate and hypocotyl growth. Among the tested weed species, Parthenium hysterophorus L., Cleome rutidosperma DC. and Borrreria alata (Aubl.) DC. proved strongly allelopathic and thus, could be used to develop eco-friendly herbicides.


May, 2021  Volume (53 - 1)
Allelopathy, Cicer arietinum, glyphosate, Hordeum vulgare, pine, Pinus roxburghii, seeds germination, weeds, Withania somnifera, withanolides, wood ash
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Herbicidal effects of Withania somnifera L. leaf extracts on Cannabis sativa L., Hordeum vulgare L. and Cicer arietinum L.
  • Pages - 69-82
  • S. Choudhary, Shriya, P. Chauhan, D. Pathania, H. Pathania, Ritika, N. Chaudhary and Mamta Sharma
  • View 
  • View Abstract  We identified the phytochemicals in Withania somnifera L, a multipurpose medicinal plant of the Himalayan región using TLC, FTIR and HPLC. Eleven formulations were made by mixing in different ratios of Withania leaf extract, wood ash and distilled wáter. Wood chips and twigs of 3-years old Pinus roxburghii tree were completely burnt till ashes was used as Wood ash. The 11-formulationss were i.e. formulation I (Withania leaf extract 100%)), formulation II (75:25 concentration (Withania leaf extract: Distilled water)), formulation III (50:50 concentration (Withania leaf extract: Distilled water), formulation IV (25:75 concentration (Withania leaf extract: Distilled water)), formulation V (75:25 concentration (Withania leaf extract: Wood ash)), formulation VI (50:50 concentration (Withania leaf extract: Wood ash)), formulation VII (25:75concentration (Withania leaf extract: Wood ash)), formulation VIII (Wood ash 100%)), formulation IX (75:25 concentration (Wood ash: Distilled water)), formulation X (50:50 concentration (Wood ash:Distilled water)), formulation XI (25:75concentration (Wood ash: Distilled water)). The herbicidal activity of formulations was earlier studied against Cannabis sativa L. (banned narcotic plant). Their herbicidal activity was tested on seeds germination and seedlings growth of Cannabis sativa L weed and 2 crops: Hordeum vulgare L and Cicer arietinum L. In Pot culture, the formulation V spray caused maximum reduction in root length of Cannabis (53 %) > Hordeum (23 %) and Cicer (22 %) than control. The formulations were also tested on crops for their herbicidal effects. In Petri plate bioassy, the formulation V (75:25 concentration (Withania leaf extract: Wood ash) showed maximum reduction in seed germination and seedling growth of C. sativa weed, but had little effect on growth of test crops. The reduction in stem length was maximum (55 %) in Cannabis > Hordeum (20 %) > Cicer (19 %) than control. Glyphosate decreased the stem length of Cicer (80 %) > Hordeum (58 %) and Cannabis (16 %) over control. While the reduction in root length was in Cicer (75 %) > Hordeum (73 %) > Cannabis (18 %) than control. The root and stem extract formulations were more phytotoxic to Cannabis sativa. Formulation V (75:25 concentrations (Withania leaf extract: wood ash)) reduced the number of leaves, number of shoot, root branches and stem and root length of Cannabis sativa.


May, 2021  Volume (53 - 1)
Alligator weed, Alternanthera philoxeroides, antibacterial activity, bacterial phytopathogens, Erwinia carotovora, GC-MS, inhibition zone, leaf, organic extracts, Ralstonia solanacearum, root, stem, Xanthomonas axonopodis
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Antibacterial activity of Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. against bacterial phytopathogens: Erwinia carotovora, Ralstonia solanacearum and Xanthomonas axonopodis
  • Pages - 83-92
  • M. Akbar, A. Amin, T. Khalil, M. S. Iqbal, A. Nazir and A. Taswar
  • View 
  • View Abstract  We investigated the antibacterial activity of alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) organic extracts against three bacterial phytopathogens (Erwinia carotovora, Ralstonia solanacearum and Xanthomonas axonopodis). The extracts were prepared by soaking the dry powder of leaf, stem and root of A. philoxeroides into methanol, n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The disk diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial activity at 100 mg/mL extract concentration. The n-hexane extract of A. philoxeroides leaves showed the maximum inhibition zone diameter (IZD)= 28.1 mm against R. solanacearum, while, the corresponding value for the positive control (Penicillin) was 48 mm IZD. There was no antibacterial activity of negative control, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Gas Chromatography Mass-Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of acetic acid, 2-(2-methoxycarbonylamino-5-nitrophenylthio)-, methyl ester, at the highest concentration (31.9 %), followed by 1, 4-benzenediol, 2, 5-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl)- (15.06 %),. It was concluded that the observed biological activity in this study may be due to the presence of these compounds.


May, 2021  Volume (53 - 1)
Biofumigation, Cucumis sativus L., Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC., fungal community, green manure
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Effects of green manure of wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L.) on cucumber rhizosphere fungal community
  • Pages - 93-100
  • X.H. Zhang, H.L. Xie, Y.Y. Wang and X.G. Zhou
  • View 
  • View Abstract  In pot culture, we evaluated the effects of green manure of wild rocket (Diplotaxis tenuifolia (L.) DC.) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) rhizosphere fungal community composition. Cucumber rhizosphere fungal composition was analyzed by high-throughput amplicon sequencing of fungal ITS regions. Results showed that cucumber seedling rhizosphere fungal community composition was different between the fallow treatment and green manure treatment. However, green manure treatment did not affect the cucumber seedlings fungal community alpha diversity. Compared with the fallow treatment, cucumber grown in green manure of wild rocket had higher relative abundance of phylum Ascomycota but lower relative abundance of phylum Zygomycota. Moreover, green manure of wild rocket decreased operational taxonomic units (OTUs) classified as Pseudallescheria and Kernia spp. but increased OTUs classified as Humicola and Fusarium spp. in cucumber rhizosphere.


May, 2021  Volume (53 - 1)
Autotoxicity, bacteria, continuous cropping, fungi, microbes, passion fruit, Passiflora edulis; rhizosphere soil, soil enzymes, soil microbes
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Autotoxicity of continuously cropped Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) Soil
  • Pages - 101-110
  • Q.X. Zhang, X.T. Chen, Y.C. Wang, Y.H. Wang, C.L. Zhu, L.W. Lin, H.B. He and H.B. Wang
  • View 
  • View Abstract  We determined the soil autotoxicity in the rhizosphere soil of passion fruit continued cropping up to 3 years, and analyzed the changes in the enzyme activity, microbial quantity and diversity in rhizosphere soil. The results showed that the autotoxicity of passion fruit rhizosphere soil increases with the increase in continuous cropping years. The microbial biomass carbon, microbial respiration, and the activity of enzymes (protease, urease and catalase) in passion fruit rhizosphere soil decreased with increases in passion fruit continuous cropping years. Contrarily, the activity of polyphenol oxidase was opposite, showing an upward trend. The results of BIOLOG eco-plate showed that the differences in soil carbon sources between different continuous cropping years were mainly amino acids, carboxylic acids, phenolic acids and amine carbon sources. The ratio of bacteria, bacteria/fungus ratio, actinomycetes, protozoa and total marker PLFA in the rhizosphere soil decreased significantly with the increase of soil planting years, while the total PLFA of fungi increased. Thus, with the increase of continuous cropping years of passion fruit, the soil autotoxicity was intensified and the soil enzyme activity and soil microbial diversity decreased.


May, 2021  Volume (53 - 1)
allelochemicals, Autotoxic compounds, autotoxicity, antioxidant 2246, dioctyl terephthalater, bioassay, bioactivity, GC-MS, lanzhou lily, Lilium davidii var. unicolor, pot culture, rhizosphere soil
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Autotoxic compounds from rhizosphere soil of Lanzhou lily extracts: Identification and biological activity
  • Pages - 111-126
  • Y. F. Huang*, E. H. Zhang, X. H. Zhang, Q. Wang, H. Z. Wang,Q. L. Liu, J. L. Yuan and J. J. Cui
  • View 
  • View Abstract  We investigated the autotoxicity of Lanzhou lily rhizosphere soil with different cultivation years. The allelochemicals in such soils were isolated and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on our earlier studies, the antioxidant 2246 and dioctyl terephthalate were found in lily sick soil were used in pot experiments determine to their autotoxic effects on the Lanzhou lily seedlings growth, photosynthetic parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities in seedling leaves. The content of antioxidant 2246 and dioctyl terephthalate was determined by GC-MS in rhizosphere soil of different cultivation years. The aqueous extracts of Lanzhou lily rhizosphere soil promoted the growth of its own seedlings at 0.2 mg·mL-1, however, the concentrations > 2 mg·mL-1 were inhibitory. The longer the cultivation period (1-yr, 2-yr and 4-yr), the stronger were the inhibitory effects. In rhizosphere soils of 1-yr, 2-yr and 4-yr ; 8,: 15 and 18 compounds were identified, respectively. The identified compounds were camphor, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-benzaldehyde, 2,4-bis(1,1- dimethylethyl)-phenol, tributyl phosphate, dibutyl phthalate, antioxidant 2246 and dioctyl terephthalater and these are reported as allelochemicals. The pot experiment results showed that low concentrations of antioxidant 2246 stimulated the seedling growth but high concentrations were inhibitory, while all concentrations of dioctyl terephthalater inhibited the seedling growth. At 100 mg·mL-1, the antioxidant 2246 and dioctyl terephthalate significantly inhibited the photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity in leaves (P <0.05). Furthermore, the content of these two compounds in soils increased with the increase of cultivation years. These results suggested that allelochemicals accumulated in replanted soil contributed to the autotoxicity of Lanzhou lily in rhizosphere soil.


July, 2021  Volume (53 - 2)
Allelochemicals, allelochemicals in medicine, allelopathy, natural and agroecosystems, phytochemical ecology, phytotoxin, plant-plant interaction, sustainable agriculture.
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Pioneers of Allelopathy: XIX. C.H. Chou
  • Pages - 127-152
  • Chang-Hung Chou
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Chang-Hung Chou has done allelopathy and allelochemicals research in natural and agricultural ecosystems for > 50-years. He is one of the earliest pioneers in this field. He and his collaborators have studied many interesting natural phenomena and elucidated the mechanism of dominance of vegetation formation, succession and climax in crops, grassland and forest ecosystems. He also investigated the problems in crop production viz., (i) continuous monoculture system of rice and (ii) established the autointoxication mechanism of rice, mungbean and sugar cane His allelopathic research received international recognition particularly in Asia. He had been invited to give lectures on Allelopathy in many international symposia in many countries including China. Chou and his coworkers have published > 300 Research papers in science Journals, 15 Symposium Monographs and Books. His researches concluded that allelopathy research is not only a basic science research but also can be applied to agricultural and medical practice that would benefit the human well-being. In recognition of Chou’s distinguished works, he received numerous Awards and Honors viz., Elected Fellow of The World Academy of Science (TWAS) (1993), Academician of Academia Sinica (1994), Life Achievement Award by International Allelopathy Foundation (2009) etc.


July, 2021  Volume (53 - 2)
Autotoxins, bioassay, continuous cropping, HPLC, phenolic acids, rhizosphere soil, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge, seed germination, seedling growth, UPLC-Q-TOF-MSn
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Identification of phenolic acids in rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge
  • Pages - 153-164
  • H.H. Zhang, H.L. Feng, C.L. Zhang, X.D. Zhang, W.B. Jin and Z.S. Liang
  • View 
  • View Abstract  In this study we used, ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-quadruple time-of-flight-mass spectrometry to isolate and identify the allelochemicals in the rhizosphere soil of S. miltiorrhiza Bge. Five phenolic compounds (Benzoic acid, vanillin, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, and p-hydroxycinnamic acid) were isolated from the rhizosphere soil. The p-hydroxycinnamic acid content was maximum in the rhizosphere soil of S. miltiorrhiza Bge. Bioassays showed that seed germination of S. miltiorrhiza Bge was significantly inhibited by p-hydroxycinnamic acid at 38.51 µg·mL-1 concentration and the inhibition increased with the increase in p-hydroxycinnamic acid concentration i.e. concentration dependent. The seeds germination was completely inhibited at 154.04 µg·mL-1 concentration. In addition, the applied p-hydroxycinnamic acid decreased the seedlings height and growth of rhizomes of S. miltiorrhiza Bge. This study indicated that p-hydroxycinnamic acid may be an important autotoxin of S. miltiorrhiza Bge.


July, 2021  Volume (53 - 2)
Bacteria, biochar fertilizer, continuous cropping problem, enzyme activity, rice husk biochar, soil microorganisms.
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Effects of rice husk biochar and biochar-based fertilizer application on soil enzyme activities and bacterial communities in continuously cropped ginseng
  • Pages - 165-176
  • H. Wang, Q. Li, M. Tang, E. P Wang, X. Chen, Z. Yu and C. B. Chen
  • View 
  • View Abstract  In field experiment, we evaluated the effects of two soil amendments biochar A10 (rice husk biochar) and B10 (mixture of biochar +organic or inorganic fertilizers) applied at 10 t·hm-2 on the enzymatic activities and bacterial community structures in soils under continuous ginseng cropping (CK) at various sampling dates. A10 and B10 treatments increased the activities of enzymes [soil acid phosphatase (S-ACP), soil sucrase (S-SC), soil catalase (S-CAT) and soil laccase (S-SL)], the highest increase was in S-SL activities. Short-term application of biochar and biochar-based fertilizer decreased the abundances of some soil bacterial groups (Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia, Myxococcota and Crenarchaeota). The soil enzyme activities had variable effects on the dynamics of different bacterial populations. A10 and B10 treatments increased the relative abundances of Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadota, Bacteroidota and Patescibacteria and decreased the relative abundances of Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia, Myxococcota and Crenarchaeota. Correlation analysis revealed close relationships between the soil enzyme activities and some soil bacterial populations. The changes in bacterial abundances were also associated with altered soil enzyme activities. In particular, S-ACP and S-SL were key factors associated with bacterial community structures. This study revealed the effects of rice husk biochar and biochar-based fertilizer amendment on soil enzyme activities and microbial community structures in continuous ginseng cropping.


July, 2021  Volume (53 - 2)
Allelochemicals, allelopathy, antioxidant enzymes, continuous cropping problem, ginseng, ginsenoside, growth, Panax ginseng, protease
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Effects of soils on release and accumulation of highly active ginsenoside allelochemicals in soil
  • Pages - 177-188
  • X.R. Meng, Y. Zhan, M. Tang, X. Chen, E.P. Wang, Z. Zhang, L.Y. Du, Y.H. Xu, Q. Li and C.B. Chen
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Allelopathy is the main cause of soil sickness of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) crop, but the source of very effective allelochemicals and their possible physiological damage have not been determined. In this study, we used 5-types of soils viz., (i). Healthy soil (HS), (ii). Soil with stems and leaves extracts (SEL), (iii). Soil + stems and leaves (BS), (iv). Rhizosphere soil (RS) and (v). Continuous cropping problem soil (CCS) in pot culture. We simulated the different release pathways of allelochemicals from ginseng plants and the contents of ginsenoside Rg1, Rb1, Re and Rd were determined in these soils. We determined the activity of soluble protease and antioxidant enzymes in ginseng soil and also monitored the growth and development of ginseng plants. The results showed that the effects of the single allelochemicals release pathway of Panax ginseng followed the order: (RS) > (BS) > (SEL). The ginsenosides Rg1, Rb1, Re and Rd were mainly released as root exudates. The interactions occurred between these ginsenosides in soil, which seemed to be one of the key inducements to cause the oxidative stress injury. This study may provide a theoretical basis to explain the release pathways and accumulation patterns of ginsenoside allelochemical in soil.


July, 2021  Volume (53 - 2)
Correlation analysis, ginsenoside Panax notoginseng, RDA analysis, saponin content, soil bacteria, soil fungi
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Correlation analysis of soil microorganisms and saponins from different growing regions of Panax notoginseng
  • Pages - 189-210
  • H.H. Shao, G.S. Zhang, G. Liu, K.M. Zhang, X.Y. Pang and Z.L. Zhang
  • View 
  • View Abstract  We measured the diversity of soil fungi and bacteria in 10- ginseng producing areas (BS, KM, LX, QJ, WS, XSBN, XC, YS, GX, GZ) in China. The correlation between soil microorganisms and ginsenoside content of P. notoginseng was analyzed to understand the effects of soil microorganisms in different areas on the accumulation of saponins and to explore the relationship between the soil microorganisms and saponins of P. notoginseng in these 10-habitats. The content of Notoginsenoside R1, Ginsenoside Rg1, Ginsenoside Re, Ginsenoside Rb1 and Ginsenoside Rd in P. notoginseng were determined. The correlation analysis of P. notoginseng from different habitats was done by redundancy analysis (RDA). The results showed that the high content of ginsenoside in P. notoginseng was positively correlated with Plectosphaerella and Tetracladium among fungi and Sphingobium, Novosphingobium and Allorhizobium - Neorhizobium - Parrhizobium - Rhizobium among bacteria, while negatively correlated with Mortierella (fungi) and Arthrobacter (bacteria). These 7-kinds of soil microorganisms are important biological factors affecting the accumulation of saponins in P. notoginseng. Thus theoretically we may control the quality of P. notoginseng by regulating the soil microorganisms.


July, 2021  Volume (53 - 2)
Autotoxin, Cucumis sativus L., phenolic acid, Pseudomonas spp., rhizosphere, soil
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Effects of p-Coumaric acid on the structure and abundance of soil Pseudomonas spp. community
  • Pages - 211-218
  • Lingyi Ran, Jinfeng Li, Yuyuan Xing, Jingyu Zhang and Xingang Zhou
  • View 
  • View Abstract  In pot experiment, to determine the effects of p-coumaric acid (an autotoxin of cucumber) on soil microbial communities, it was applied at different concentrations (0.02-0.2 µmol/g soil) to cucumber seedlings. The community structure and abundance of Pseudomonas spp. were estimated by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative PCR analyses targeting the 16S rRNA genes, respectively. All concentrations of p-coumaric acid changed the Pseudomonas spp. community structure. At 0.2 µmol/g soil, p-coumaric acid decreased the Shannon-Wiener and evenness indices of Pseudomonas spp. community. Moreover, p-coumaric acid at 0.1 and 0.2 µmol/g soil, decreased the abundance of Pseudomonas spp. community. Overall, p-coumaric acid changed the soil Pseudomonas spp. community in concentration dependent manner.


July, 2021  Volume (53 - 2)
Alfalfa, Allelopathy, inhibition, intercropping, Medicago sativa, Panicum miliaceum, Proso millet, residues, seed germination, seedling growth, vetch, Vicia sativa.
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Allelopathic effects of proso millet (Panicum miliaceum L) extracts on seed germination and seedling growth of alfalfa and vetch
  • Pages - 219-230
  • Abdalla. I.A. Ahmed and F.J. Hou
  • View 
  • View Abstract  In greenhouse experiment, we evaluated the allelopathic effects of different concentrations of shoot, root and biomass (shoot+root) extracts of pure and intercropped Proso millet (Panicum miliaceumL., var. Mizao 52) on seed germination and seedling growth of Common vetch (Vicia sativa L. var. Lanjian No.3) and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa var. WL168HQ). The millet residues extracts decreased the seed germination and seedlings growth (radical length, and plumule length) of test crops over control. All test crops showed similar responses of seed germination and seedlings growth in interactions of different types and different concentrations of all residue’s extracts. The shoot, root, and biomass residue extract of proso millet inhibited the seed germination and seedlings growth of the recipient crops. Therefore, sowing of common crops like vetch and alfalfa on fields after previous proso millet should be avoided.


July, 2021  Volume (53 - 2)
Alien species, allelopathy, aqueous extract, Brassica napus, Brassica campestris, Erigeron annuus, Hypochaeris radicata, invasive weed, Jeju island, Lactuca sativa, petriplate bioassay, roots elongation, seed germination, seedlings growth, weed
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Allelopathic potential of invasive Hypochaeris radicata weed on Brassica napus and Lactuca sativa
  • Pages - 231-242
  • M. Lee, B.W. Kim and U. Song
  • View 
  • View Abstract  We tested whether allelopathic effects of Hypochaeris radicata L. are one in its invasion mechanisms, using Brassica napus and Lactuca sativa as recipient plants. Aqueous extracts of H. radicata did not affect the seed germination but significantly decreased the seedlings root elongation of test species. The H. radicata extract also decreased the growth and chlorophyll content of Brassica campestris ssp. napus var. nippo-oleifera Makina and Lactuca sativa L. seedlings in indoor bioassays, but had no effects in outdoor experiments on B. napus and Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. This may be due to the climate of Jeju Island i.e. high spring precipitation. Although indoor experiments confirmed the allelopathic effects of H. radicata extracts, but the responses to H. radicata extracts varied in outdoor fields with environmental conditions. As H. radicata is spreading to mainland Korea, where the spring season is usually dry, hence, more studies are needed on the allelopathic effects of H. radicata under dry conditions. As the global climate continues to change, the Pacific area countries will also need to predict H. radicata invasion through careful studies and field monitoring.


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