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Showing 1553 articles

May, 2022  Volume (56 - 1)
Allelochemicals, allelopathic potential, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, growth inhibition, HPLC, Mallotus philippensis, Melia azedarach, Mentha royleana, Raphanus sativus and rutin
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Algicidal effects of selected plants of Pakistan on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard
  • Pages - 69-80
  • Sajida, M. Asma, M.I. Shinwari, M. Farman, M.M. Ahmad, E. Hann, I.S. Maryum
  • View 
  • View Abstract  This study deals with the antialgal properties of allelochemicals present in 3-plants (Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell Arg., Melia azedarach L., Mentha royleana Wall. ex Benth and Raphanus sativus L.). The methanolic leaf extracts of these plants were applied on Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard to find their antialgal properties. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to identi?y and quantify the allelochemicals present in these plants to ascertain their efficacy for growth inhibition of algae. Leaf extracts of plants significantly inhibited the growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard (p <0.05). The p value for these plant species were: Mentha royleana Wall. ex Benth (p <0.05), Melia azedarach L. (p <0.05), Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell Arg (p <0.01) and Raphanus sativus L. (p <0.01); indicating that number of cells of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard were significantly inhibited. The most abundant allelochemicals identified by HPLC in M. royleana were caffeic acid (4.67 µg /ml) followed by rutin, trans-ferulic acid and naringin. The trans-ferulic acid was detected only in Mallotus philippensis (Lam.) Muell Arg but rutin was found in most plants. Most of the allelochemicals were found in Mentha royleana, hence, its extract was comparatively more inhibitory to algal growth. The inhibitory effects of methanolic leaf extracts on growth of C. reinhardtii strongly supports the hypothesis that these test plants have ample potential for use as algaecides due to presence of allelochemicals.


May, 2022  Volume (56 - 1)
Bird cherry-oat aphid, Electroantennogram (EAG), GCMS, Maize, nitrogen, pest management, plant insect interactions, qRT-PCR, Rhopalosiphum padi, volatile organic compounds, Zea mays L.
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Effects of nitrogen application in maize (Zea mays L.) on host selection behaviour of the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.)
  • Pages - 81-96
  • S.W. Zhao, Y. Pan, Z. Wang, X. Wang, J.N. Liu, S. Wang and J.H. Xi
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  • View Abstract  The nutritional status of plants affects the multitrophic plant-insect interactions, however to date, there is little evidence about such maize (Zea mays L.)- aphids interaction related to soil nitrogen content (N). Maize was cultivated under sufficient (15 mM) or limited (0.15 mM) nitrogen supply. We conducted the behavioural trials using a four-arm olfactometer and found that Rhopalosiphum padi L. preferred the maize grown under high-nitrogen conditions. The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from maize were obtained from the plants grown under different nitrogen conditions and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The relative amounts of (z)-2-hexenol, benzaldehyde and decane were significantly higher under high-nitrogen (15 mM) conditions than under low-nitrogen (0.15 mM) conditions (limited) nitrogen supply) and these VOCs attracted the wingless aphids. Under low-nitrogen conditions, higher contents of farnesol, cadinol, aristolene and acetic acid were found, however, the farnesol and acetic acid repelled the aphids. Furthermore, Electroantennogram (EAG) studies confirmed that aphid antennae responded to these compounds. Expressions of certain key genes associated with the synthetic pathways of (E)-2-hexenol, benzaldehyde, acetic acid and copaene were verified by Quantitative Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The chemical ecology of the interactions between maize (Zea mays) and aphids (R. padi) under different nitrogen doses was investigated to formulate the new pest management strategies.


May, 2022  Volume (56 - 1)
American ginseng, bacteria, diversity, fungi, Illumina MiSeq sequencing technique, maize, phenolic acids, physico-chemical properties, soil.
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Influence of mixed phenolic acids on bacterial and fungal community in soils growing ginseng and maize
  • Pages - 97-108
  • Y.M. Bi, G.L. Tian, X.L. Jiao, X.X. Li and W.W. Gao
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Nine phenolic acids (p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, syringic, p-coumaric, ferulic, benzoic, salicylic, cinnamic acids and vanillin) were found present in the soil after American ginseng cultivation. These were added to the soil for growing of American ginseng and maize according to their contents and proportions present in soil. These added phenolic acids were completely degraded by the soil microbes in 3 days. These soils microbial communities were studied by Illumina MiSeq sequencing technique. Results showed that the applied PAs (Phenolic acids) decreased the bacterial and fungal diversity in the rhizosphere soils of both ginseng and maize crops. The microbial diversity was greatly affected by the basic physical and chemical properties of soil. Acidothermus bacteria (population 6 %), dominated the bacterial genera while Penicillium fungi (population 15%) dominated the fungal genera. After adding the phenolic acids, the community structure of soil bacteria and fungi were changed and the pathogenic fungus Ilyonectria/Rhizoctonia disappeared or decreased. The microbial degradation rates of some PAs were significantly (P <0.05) correlated with the increase in relative abundance of some specific microorganisms, indicating that the degradation of PAs was affected by the microbial communities concurrently in soil.


May, 2022  Volume (56 - 1)
Clinical applications, current status of use, medicinal and edible, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Panax notoginseng, processed drugs, Sanchi.
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An overview of Processing methods and applied aspects of Sanchi (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma) in human health
  • Pages - 109-120
  • Y.X. Guo, Y.L. Yang, D.Y. Lu, Y.H. Tao, M.Y. Liu, S.Q. Wu and Z.L. Zhang
  • View 
  • View Abstract  The Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F.H. Chen is mainly grown in China, and Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma is widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Ancient Chinese medical books recorded that Sanchi processed products were used to treat various diseases. However, its extracts were used for clinical applications. Currently, more attentions are paid to using the Sanchi for dietetic and health-care, hence, many products of Panax notoginseng are available for medicine and food. This review summarizes the present uses of Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma products worldwide.


May, 2022  Volume (56 - 1)
Cyclophosphamide, different molecular weight, ginseng glycopeptide complex, immunomodulatory effect, immunosuppressed mice.
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Immunomodulatory effects of ginseng glycopeptides in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice
  • Pages - 121-132
  • P. Yu, C.B. Chen, C.P. Xiao, X. Chen, Y.Q. Chen, H.Z. Xie,T. Zhang, Q. Li, L.P. Wang and Q.H. Zhang
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Ginseng glycopeptide complex (GGpC) refers to the mixture of polysaccharides, polypeptides and glycopeptides from ginseng. We investigated the immunomodulatory effects of GGpC and compared the effects of three GGpCs with molecular weights of 14, 11 and < 1 kDa on the immunological activity of cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed mice. These three GGpCs were obtained from the total extract of GGpC by membrane separation technology, and their immunomodulatory effects were investigated by testing carbon clearance, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response, splenic NK cell activity and counting the number of leukocytes in peripheral blood. The results showed that the total extract of GGpC and the 3-kinds of GGpC with different molecular weights increased immune organs indices, DTH response, the leukocytes number, activities of NK cells and macrophages in immunosuppressive mice. GGpC with molecular weight < 1 kDa was more effective on improving cellular immunity and NK cell activity, while GGpC with molecular weight of 14 kDa improved the function of macrophages phagocytosis. These findings indicated that GGpC had immunomodulatory effects in immunosuppressive mice, which were in inverse proportion to its molecular weights, i.e. GGpC with lower molecular weight had higher effect.


July, 2022  Volume (56 - 2)
Allelochemicals, allelopathic plant, allelopathy, invasive weed, Itch grass, mulch, Rottboellia cochinchinensis, weed control.
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Allelopathic Plants: 33. Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W.D. Clayton
  • Pages - 133-148
  • A. Bundit, S. Meksawat, H. Ullah, A. Datta and T. Pornprom
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Itchgrass [Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W.D. Clayton] is a C4 annual upland grass, which is self-pollinated and invades disturbed and agricultural areas in more than 40 countries in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The plant exerts high competition for row crops due to its high tillering capacity. Conversely, itchgrass is an allelopathic plant, which is often used as a mulching material for weed control in vegetable fields in Chae Hom district, Lampang Province, Northern Thailand. Itchgrass plant mulch can conserve soil moisture, minimize soil erosion and suppress other weed species. In this review, the available published literature has been compiled to understand the mechanism of allelopathic action of this important grass and to highlight its significance in the cropping systems. It has been noted from the literature that the allelochemicals released from itchgrass in the soil can adversely influence the germination of some adjacent weeds and test crops, causing a growth reduction of seedlings. Various authors have concluded that trans-p-coumaric acid (trans-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) is the major allelochemical present in itchgrass. Additionally, two active substances have been reported to be isolated from n-hexane crude extracts of the itchgrass aerial part and has been identified as linoleic acid (9,12-octadecadienoic acid) and linolenic acid (9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid). It can be concluded that both direct and indirect allelopathic effects are involved in facilitating succession of itchgrass plant. Better understanding of its allelopathic potential will provide a basis for improving the non-chemical weed management strategies in vegetable fields for sustainable agriculture.


July, 2022  Volume (56 - 2)
Antioxidant, bio-inputs, essential oil, GC-MS, Numidian thyme, Thymus numidicus, Trichoderma asperellum, Urtica dioica, Ulva lactuca
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Effects of treatments on yield and quality of essential oil of cultivated Numidian thyme (Thymus numidicus Poiret)
  • Pages - 149-158
  • N. Boutekrabt, S. Messgo-Moumene, M. Bellatreche and M. Akbar
  • View 
  • View Abstract  This study aimed to optimize yield and to improve the quality of volatile biomolecules in cultivated Numidian thyme (Thymus numidicus). Numidian thyme plants were cultivated in greenhouse with following biological treatments: common nettle manure (Urtica dioica) (T1), algal extract (Ulva lactuca) (T2), conidial suspensions of two fungal strains of Trichoderma asperellum (T3, T4) and control irrigated with tap water (T0). The measured growth parameters were: stem length and fresh and dry plant biomass. The essential oils (EOs) were extracted by hydrodistillation and their yields, chemical composition was determined by GC-MS. T1 did not stimulate the vegetative growth, but significantly increased the oil yield (1.8 %) and its volatile compounds. T2 and T3 stimulated the synthesis of geraniol, thymol, terpinene, pinene and carvacrol. The T1, T2 and T4 improved the antioxidant potency. In conclusion, bio-inputs improved the chemical composition of Numidian thyme essential oil as well as its antioxidant efficacy. It is thus recommended to apply these amendments in field for better industrial value of Thyme.


July, 2022  Volume (56 - 2)
Abutilon theophrasti, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Aqueous extracts, common cocklebur, common ragweed, lettuce, phytochemical screening, phytotoxicity, tomato, velvetleaf, Xanthium strumarium.
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Phytotoxicity of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) and common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) to lettuce and tomato
  • Pages - 159-172
  • J. Gajic Umiljendic, M. Saric-Krsmanovic, T. Ðordevic, M. Šcepanovic, L. Šantric, V. Šoštarcic and L. Radivojevic
  • View 
  • View Abstract  We studied the main phenolic components of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) and common cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) aqueous extracts and evaluated their phytotoxicity to germinating seeds and seedling growth of lettuce and tomato. A total of 13 phenolic compounds were identified in aqueous extracts. The highest total phenolic content was found in velvetleaf leaves, followed by common ragweed leaves and common cocklebur stems. Caffeoyl quinic acids were the most abundant phenolics in these three weeds, while common ragweed and velvetleaf leaves were also rich in p-coumaric acid and rutin, respectively. Other phenolic compounds were present in moderate quantities in the stems and leaves of the tested weeds. The weed extracts at 50 % concentration or higher significantly inhibited the seed germination and early seedling growth of lettuce and tomato. The leaf aqueous extracts were more phytotoxic to lettuce and tomato than stem aqueous extracts. The leaf aqueous extract of common ragweed had the strongest inhibitory effects on lettuce, while the leaf aqueous extract of velvetleaf was most inhibitory to tomato. The aqueous extracts of common cocklebur were less inhibitory to lettuce and tomato.


July, 2022  Volume (56 - 2)
Autotoxicity, Bacillus spp., community structure, cucumber, Cucumis sativus, quantitative PCR, Pseudomonas spp., rhizosphere, syringic acid.
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Effects of syringic acid on Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. communities in rhizosphere of cucumber
  • Pages - 173-180
  • Yuyuan Xing, Guanglei Guo, Rahmatullah Khan, Fenghua Liu, Yingjie A, Mingxue Niu and Xingang Zhou
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Soil microbial communities are critical for the productivity of agricultural systems. The effects of phenolic compounds on crops have been extensively studied recently, but less attention has been paid to how these compounds can affect the Pseudomonas and Bacillus communities in the soil, which are potential antagonistic pathogens and promote plant growth. In our microcosm experiment, soils were treated with different concentrations of syringic acid (a phenolic compound toxic to cucumber). Community structures and abundances of Pseudomonas and Bacillus species were estimated by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative PCR. Results showed that the number of DGGE bands, the Shannon-Wiener and Evenness indices of the Pseudomonas spp. community in all concentrations of syringic acid treatment were significantly higher than control, suggesting that the addition of syringic acid increased the Pseudomonas spp. community diversity. However, syringic acid increased the abundance of Bacillus spp. at 0.02 µmol g-1 and decreased the diversity and abundance of Bacillus spp. community at 0.05-0.2µmol g-1. Overall results showed that Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. responded differently to SA and their structure and abundance varied with the concentration of SA in soil.


July, 2022  Volume (56 - 2)
Allelopathic effects, gene expression, nitrogen uptake, pH value, soil, soil enzyme, tea bush.
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Allelopathic effects of soil pH on nitrogen uptake, its utilization efficiency and soil enzymes in tea bush soil
  • Pages - 181-192
  • L. Ding, L. Hong, Y.H. Wang, Y.C. Wang, S.X. Lin, M.Z. Li, J.B. Yang, J.H. Ye, X.L. Jia and H.B. Wang
  • View 
  • View Abstract  We studied the effects of soil pH (3.29, 4.74 and 5.32) on nitrogen uptake and its use efficiency by tea bush. The results showed that with the increase of soil pH value (3.29 ~ 5.32), the nitrogen utilization efficiency of tea bushes increased from 94.28 % to 461.14 %, the nitrogen absorption efficiency increased from 1.05 % to 3.95 % and the nitrogen physiological utilization efficiency increased from 89.79 % to 116.74 %. Besides with the increase of soil pH, the activity of spoil enzymes (Urease, protease, asparaginase, N-acetamide glucose ribosidase) in tea rhizosphere soil was significantly increased, while, that of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase was decreased significantly. With the increase of soil pH, the expression of nifH gene in tea rhizosphere soil increase significantly, while expression of amoA-AOA, amoA-AOB, nirK, nirS, narG and nosZ gene was decreased. Correlation analysis showed that pH value in tea rhizosphere soil was significantly and positively correlated with nitrogen utilization efficiency, nitrogen uptake efficiency, nitrogen physiological utilization efficiency, urease activity, protease activity, asparaginase activity, N-acetamide glucose ribosidase activity and the expression of nifH gene. Correlation analysis was negatively correlated with nitrate reductase activity, nitrite reductase activity and the expression of amoA-AOA, amoA-AOB, nirK, nirS, narG and nosZ gene. The results indicated that soil acidity significantly affected the ability of soil nitrogen conversion and nitrogen absorption and utilization ability of tea bushes.


July, 2022  Volume (56 - 2)
Antifungal activity, Colletotrichum musae, endophytic fungi, fungicides, Fusarium oxysporum, Hopea chinensis, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, Phylogenetic analysis, Piptoporellus soloniensis
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Antifungal activity of endophytic fungus Piptoporellus soloniensis L. isolated from Hopea chinensis Hand.-Mazz.
  • Pages - 193-205
  • L. Chen, B. He, Y. Huang, Saqid. Hussain Bangash, Z.X. Lin and W.W. Tang
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Phylogenetic analysis of Piptoporellus soloniensis L. and 11 other endophytic fungis isolated from Hopea chinensis Hand.-Mazz. was done based on multiple loci, including ITS, nSSU, mtSSU, rbp2 and nLSU. In mycelial growth rate method, the methanol extract of P. soloniensis mycelia exhibited potent activity (inhibition rate : 76.79 %) and the acetone extract at 10 mg/mL concentration of this fungi exhibited potent activities against Colletotrichum musae, P. grisea and Neoscytalidium dimidiatum with inhibition rates of 43.95 %, 40.48 % and 35.77 % respectively. The compounds Ergosta - 5,7,22 - trine - 3ß - ol (ergosterol) and (22E) - 5a and 8a - epidioxyergosta - 6,22 - dien - 3ß - ol were isolated by the filter paper method from the crude mycelial extracts of methanol and acetone, although (22E) - 5a,8a - epidioxyergosta - 6,22 - dien - 3ß - ol have no activities to C. musae, N. dimidiatum, P. grisea and Fusarium oxysporum race 4 at 5 mg/mL. These data highlight that the crude mycelial extracts of P. soloniensis can be used as biogenic fungicides and have great potential in agriculture. The study paves way for the development and chemical characterization of the bioactive compounds.


July, 2022  Volume (56 - 2)
Bemicia tabaci, Brinjal, contact toxicity, essential oil, GCMS, insecticidal activity, oil-in-water formulation, phytotoxicity, white fly.
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Insecticidal activity of oil-in-water emulsion formulations of essential oils against white fly, Bemicia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)
  • Pages - 207-220
  • S.M. Nebapure, D.J. Sarkar, S.S. Suroshe, V.S. Rana,N.A. Shakil and S. Subramanian
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the global polyphagous pests in many agricultural crops. Besides, other control strategies, essential oils are being considered as one of the promising candidates for developing alternative strategies for its management. We evaluated the Oil-in-water (O/W) formulations (47.6 %) of 6-essential oils (pine oil, lemongrass oil, geranium oil, eucalyptus oil palmarosa oil and citral) against B. tabaci to determine their contact toxicity potential and phytotoxicity effects. The GC-MS analyses of test essential oils contained geraniol (69.8 %) in palmarosa oil, d-3-carene (50.7 %) in pine oil, citronellal (33.4 %) in geranium oil as major constituents. The O/W emulsion formulations were physically stable at room temperature with average droplet size of 136-425 nm. Geranium oil showed high phytotoxicity at 0.125 % concentration in brinjal, Solanum melongena (Variety: MEBH-10) leaves, whereas, the eucalyptus and pine oils were not phytotoxic. Comparatively, palmarosa oil displayed maximum contact toxicity with LC50 and LC90 values of 0.241 and 0.658 % respectively at 24 h and 0.142 and 0.398 % at 48 h after exposure. This study revealed that O/W emulsion formulations of palmarosa and lemongrass oil can be effectively used in whitefly management.


July, 2022  Volume (56 - 2)
Aflatoxins, aqueous extracts, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1, growth, Panax herbs
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Effects of Panax ingredients on the growth and aflatoxins production of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus
  • Pages - 221-236
  • C.Y. Su, Y.J. Hu, Y.Y. Wang, X.L. Jiao and W.W. Gao


July, 2022  Volume (56 - 2)
Finger printing, ginseng, ginseng species identification, HPLC, ITS2, Jinping Black Ginseng, morphology, P. vietnamensis.
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Jinping Ginseng species identification based on ITS2 bar code and HPLC technology
  • Pages - 237-250
  • Y.S. Xian, Y.C. Chen, L.L. Kang, B. Wang, R.J. Yuan, D. Wang and Z.L. Zhang
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Panax vietnamensis has high medicinal and market values, is called Jinping ginseng. It is rare medicinal material in Yunnan Province, China. Since, this name is controversial, thus, we did further identification study on Jinping ginseng P. vietnamensis and PVF (P. vietnamensis var. Fuscidiscus) using morphology, the ITS2 sequence and HPLC fingerprint techniques. We found some morphological differences among the Jinping ginseng, P. vietnamensis and PVF. There were also variabilities in gene sequence and chemical contents. In ITS2 sequence, Jinping ginseng had 1 different position than PVF and had 5 different positions conmpaeard with P. vietnamensis. The ratio of (G-Rg1+G-Re): G-Rb1 in Jinping ginseng was > 4 times higher than in P. vietnamensis. The ITS2 bar code and HPLC fingerprint technology proved effective method to identify Jinping ginseng from P. vietnamensis.


September, 2022  Volume (57 - 1)
Agriculture, allelochemicals, allelopathic effects, Eucalyptus species, medicinal plant, Phytochemicals, secondary metabolites
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Allelopathic Plants 34: Eucalyptus (Myrtaceae)
  • Pages - 28-Jan
  • F.Y. Zhang, X.L. Li, Q. Deng, R.H. Xu and L.X. Chang
  • View 
  • View Abstract 

    Eucalyptus provides various timber, firewood, landscaping and pulp for paper. Eucalyptus species have been introduced in many countries due to their fast growth, easy management and environmental tolerance. Allelopathy is major cause of biodiversity reduction in Eucalyptus plantations. However, no systematic work has been done on this allelopathic plant and its allelopathic effects on other recipient plants. In this review, allelopathic effects of 75-Eucalyptus species [7-Major Eucaluptus spp: (E. camaldulensis, E. citriodora, E. globulus , E. grandis, E. grandis x E. urophylla, E. tereticornis and E. urophylla) and 68-minor investigated species] are reported. The allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus sp. on acceptors (e.g., plants, crops and microorganisms) have been summarized and the recent progresses in the allelopathic research and future research prospects are discussed. It provides a quick reference to the Eucalyptus spp, their allelopathic effects and uses. It also provides beneficial informations on use of Eucalypus sp., in medicine and agriculture, and suggests how to best manage a forest ecosystem by avoiding allelopathic inhibitory effectgs on other plants.


September, 2022  Volume (57 - 1)
Cinnamic acid, continuous cropping, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, harmful bacteria, planting years, rhizosphere soil, tea soil.
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Screening and identification of harmful bacteria associated with the accumulation of cinnamic acid in Wuyi Rock tea soil
  • Pages - 29-40
  • B.T. Zhu, X.L. Jia, J.Q. Wang, Y. ZhangJ.H. Ye, Q. Zhang, Q.S. Li and H.Y. Liang
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Continuous cropping soil samples of Wuyi rock tea for 8, 14, 20, 26, and 32 years were collected to identify the harmful strains of bacteria, which could accumulate cinnamic acid in rhizosphere soil. The Priestia megaterium BW16 bacteria was isolated and identified by morphological identification and phylogenetic analysis. The cinnamic acid production study showed that it transformed the L-phenylalanine into cinnamic acid and resulted in its accumulation in high concentration (4 g/L) within 7 d when supplemented with 1 % L-phenylalanine as sole carbon source. The optimum conditions for L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase enzyme activity were found to be incubation temperature 35 oC, pH 7.0, and time allowed for enzyme reactivity was 20 min. The results showed that P. megaterium BW16 bacteria is responsible for the transformation of phenylalanine into cinnamic acid and may be a harmful bacteria for soil, which differs from some previous studies. It is helpful to further screen the antagonistic microorganism’s application for tea soil and improve the soil ecological system.


September, 2022  Volume (57 - 1)
Allelopathy, allelopathic compounds, autotoxicity, continuous cropping problem, Festuca arundinacea, GC-MS, lawn, mixed sowing, turfgrass.
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Effects of mixed sowing of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacaea Schreb.) varieties Millennium 2 and Arid 3 on growth of lawns
  • Pages - 41-52
  • Xiao Xu, Zhongyin Lian, Xiaoyu Li and Jichen Xu
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Allelopathic effect can lead to continuous cropping problem in plants. Mixed sowing of different species/varieties may overcome this problem. Two turfgrass (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) varieties Millennium2 and Arid3 were studied for their growth potential in mixture and effects on growth of lawns. The results showed that the mixed sowing proportion had significant impact on the growth of turfgrass. The main variety 0 showed improved physiological indices and better growth in mixture ratio of 4:1. The variety Millennium2 was more sensitive to mixture than Arid3. GC-MS analysis showed that the root aqueous extracts of Millennium2 and Arid3 contained 15 and 22 allelopathic compounds, respectively, and the content of 1,1-diethoxy-3-methylbutane was highest. Both varieties shared 9-chemicals (1,1-Diethoxybutane, 2-methylpentanoyl 2-methylpentanoate, 1,1-diethoxy-3-methylbutane, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxan, 6-ethyl-2-methyloctane, 5-methylundecane, 4,6-dimethyldodecane, henicosane and icosane), while Arid3 and Millennium2 individually contained 13 and 6 unique compounds, respectively. Thus, the selection of compatible species/varieties and their suitable proportion is very important for ideal mixture to improve the appearance of lawn and ecological effects.


September, 2022  Volume (57 - 1)
Allelochemicals, autotoxicity, continuous cropping problem, medicinal plant, Panax ginseng, soil diseases
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Continuous Cropping Problems in Ginseng Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer:An update
  • Pages - 53-68
  • S.A. Zhang, M.L. Yu, Y. Shen, M.M. Ma, L.K. Fan, L.M. Shan, Z.Q. Zhang, K.M. Zhang and Y.Y. Wang
  • View 
  • View Abstract  This paper summarizes the updated research on continuous cropping problem of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer. (i). Current status of ginseng cultivation, (ii). Development of continuous cropping problem, (iii). Methods to alleviate the continuous cropping problems and (iv). Suggested future research to prevent development of continuous cropping problem in ginseng.


September, 2022  Volume (57 - 1)
Allelopathy, Angelica sinensis, Artemisia argyi, barnyard grass, Curcuma zedoaria, defence Dolomiaea edulis, enzyme activity, essential oils, Forsythia suspense, herbicidal potential, Lavandula angustifolia, Ligusticum chuanxiong, Nepeta cataria, Ocimum gratissimum, Platycladus orientalis, Pogostemon cablin,
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Herbicidal effects of essential oils from 11-plant species on barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli)
  • Pages - 69-82
  • J.C. Han, H.D. Bai, X.Z. Ni, L.Y. Bai and Z.R. Li
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Echinochloa crus-galli (Barnyard grass) seriously damages crops in China. It has become resistant to many herbicides, hence, new and effective control measures need to be found. We did bioassay to find the herbicidal potential of 11-plant species essential oils on barnyard grass. The essential oils of Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Van. (Green Wormwood oil), Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Rosc. (Turmeric oil) and Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. (Patchouli oil) effectively inhibited the growth of barnyard grass. The green wormwood oil had the most potent herbicidal effects (EC50=0.0107 g/mL). After treatment with green wormwood oil, the activities of defence enzymes [catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)], dramatically increased 8 h after-treatment, and then decreased to initial levels within 72 h. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) results revealed that borneol and eudesmol are two major components of green wormwood oil. The herbicidal activity assays revealed that eudesmol was more potent than borneol (Borneol, EC50=0.0865 g/mL; Eudesmol, EC50=0.0134 g/mL). The experiments indicate that green wormwood oil is a valuable raw material for developing new eco-friendly herbicides for agriculture.


September, 2022  Volume (57 - 1)
Antioxidant enzymes, biotic stress, Cicer arietinum, chickpea, defence system, Helicoverpa armigera, oxidative biomarkers
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Effects of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) infestation on metabolic sensors dynamics in chickpea
  • Pages - 83-108
  • Su Htet San, D. Sagar, V. Krishnan, M. Awana, A. Singh, A. Bhowmik, R. Singh and S. Chander
  • View 
  • View Abstract  We studied the dynamics of oxidative stress biomarkers and biochemical constituents of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) genotypes against gram pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera). Selected genotypes viz., NBeG - 786, GL -13001, ICC - 3137 (susceptible check), ICCL - 86111 (resistant check), GL - 13042 and RSG - 959 were screened for enzymatic, stress biomarkers, nutritional and anti-nutritional compounds at different time intervals (24, 48, 72 and 96 h). Data on leaf consumption, damage rating, pest susceptibility or resistance (%) and pest susceptibility/resistance rating were recorded. Results indicated that activity of all metabolic sensors (including nutritional and anti-nutritional factors) increased except catalase activity in response to H. armigera feeding, this suggested that biochemical compounds and their regulating enzymes and antioxidant defence system played important role in plant defence. Clustering and heat map analysis revealed that superoxide dismutase, catalase, polyphenol oxidase, total phenols and tannins were predominant in chickpea under insect pest stress and their over expression in chickpea genotypes will increase the tolerance to pod borer. The chickpea genotypes viz., GL -13001, GL- 13042 and RSG- 959 possessed antibiosis mechanism of resistance and were found tolerant against H. armigera in field screening.


November, 2022  Volume (57 - 2)
Agrostis capillaris, allelopathy, decomposing leaves; Festuca arundinacea, Festuca ovina, Festuca rubra, lawn cultivars, Lolium perenne, P. pratensis, shoot growth, water extracts
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Allelopathic effects of Poa Pratensis cultivars on lawn grasses
  • Pages - 109-128
  • H. Lipinska, M. Sosnowska, I. Wozniak-Kostecka, A. Kocira and I. Shuvar
  • View 
  • View Abstract  We studied the allelopathic potential of above-ground vegetative shoots of 3-cultivars ('Ani', 'Bila', and 'Nandu') of Poa pratensis and their effects on the initial growth and development of 6-Acceptor plants spp (Agrostis capillaris cv. Niwa, Festuca arundinacea cv. Asterix, Festuca ovina cv. Espro, Festuca rubra cv. Areta, Lolium perenne cv. Stadion and P. pratensis cv. Bila) present in grass lawn community. Aqueous extracts from shoots of P. pratensis 3-cultivars were tested in Petri dishes on filter paper. Whereas, the dried chopped leaves of P. pratensis cultivars were incorporated in pots containing sand for assay. The phenolics and flavonoids in the plant materials were analyzed by liquid chromatography. The allelopathic potential of Donor P. pratensis cultivars on the acceptor plants were correlated with the leaf contents of flavonoids and phenolic acids and followed the Order: ‘Ani’ > ‘Nandy’ > ‘Bila’. The allelopathic potential of Donor cultivars on the Acceptor plants in Petri dish Bioassays was higher than in Pot assays. Aqueous extracts were more inhibitory to root growth than to seed germination and shoot growth. In contrast, in Pot assay allelopathic substances released from the decomposing cut leaves were more inhibitory to sprouting seeds than shoot elongation. The A. capillaris was most sensitive to allelopathic effects of P. pratensis cultivars followed by F. rubra and P. pratensis. The plants of F. arundinacea and L. perenne were least sensitive. With this in mind, it is advised to remove the cut grass from the lawn surface.


November, 2022  Volume (57 - 2)
Allelopathy, aquatic extract, Artemisia fragrans, growth, Medicago scutellata, rangeland species, seed germination, Tanacetum chiliophyllum, Teucrium polium.
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Allelopathic effects of Artemisia fragrans Willd., Tanacetum chiliophyllum Sch.Bip. and Teucrium polium L. on establishment of Medicago scutellata (L.) Mill in degraded shrublands
  • Pages - 129-144
  • E. Sheidai-Karkaj, M. Mofidi-Chelan, A. Alizadeh, M. Younessi-Hamzekhanlu, Z. Baig and S. Aziz
  • View 
  • View Abstract  In pot culture, we investigated the allelopathic effects of 3-donor plants [Artemisia fragrans Willd., Tanacetum chiliophyllum (Fisch. & E.Mey. ex DC.) Sch.Bip. and Teucrium polium L.] on establishment of sown Medicago scutellata (L.) Mill. in shrubland invaded by grasses. We used 4-concentrations (0, 5, 10 and 20 %) of aqueous extracts of 3 -donor plant spp. (A. fragran, T. chiliophyllum and T. polium) on germination and seedlings growth of recipient M. scutellata. The seeds germination of M. scutellata decreased with increasing concentrations of aqueous extract. The T. chiliophyllum 5 % aqueous extract was least inhibitory to seeds germination of M. scutellata. While the A. fragrans 20 % aqueous extract was most inhibitory and significantly delayed the seeds germination than control. Seed vigour index in T. chiliophyllum aqueous extracts was significantly higher than other treatments and control. T. chiliophyllum 5 % aqueous extract stimulated the root length. The A. fragrans aqueous extracts were most inhibitory to plant biomass, leaf number and leaf area. The inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts of all donor plants on M. scutellata seeds germination and seedlings growth increased with increasing aqueous extracts concentrations i.e. concentration dependent. The 20 % aqueous extract of A. fragrans was most inhibitory, while, 5 % aqueous extract of T. chiliophyllum were least inhibitory. The inhibitory alleloopathic effects of donor spp ranked as A. fragrans, T. polium and T. chiliophyllum. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the allelopathic effects of introduced species on rangeland plant spp. Therefore, for sowing of M. scutellata, the under story canopy of T. chiliophyllum is best. Moreover, the sites with low or moderate density of T. chiliophyllum and T. polium have the highest chances of success to reclaim shrubland. Whereas in areas with abundant A. fragrans, the sowing should be done cautiously due to its very drastic inhibitory effects. Additionally, the research on success of other forage species to restore the A. fragrans dominated rangelands is suggested.


November, 2022  Volume (57 - 2)
Allelochemicals, allelopathy, aqueous extracts, Brassica napus L., Cucumis melo, GC-MS, growth, morphology, Sinapis arvensis
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Allelochemicals and allelopathic effects of Cucumis melo L. on growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant compounds of Brassica napus L. and Sinapis arvensis L.
  • Pages - 145-160
  • N. Norouzi, M. Niakan, M. Ebadi and M. Younesabadi
  • View 
  • View Abstract  We investigated the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of shoots (leaf, stem, fruits) of Cucumis melo L weed on the growth, photosynthetic, and antioxidant system of Brassica napus and Sinapis arvensis weeds. The fruit, leaf, and stem aqueous extracts of Cucumis melo L were sprayed at 0, 2.5, 5 and 10 % concentrations on the plants of Brassica napus and Sinapis arvensis at rosette stage and after one month the effects on plants were studied. The higher concentration of Donor Cucumis melo aqueous extracts, decreased the growth parameters in recipient Brassica napus and Sinapis arvensis weeds. The higher concentrations of Cucumis melo extracts increased the phenolic compounds and decreased the flavonoid compounds in both test plants and these changes were higher in Brassica napus than in Sinapis arvensis. The aqueous extracts of leaves, stems and fruits of Cucumis melo analyzed by GC-MS contained 30, 23 and 12 allelochemical compounds, respectively. These allelochemical compounds in extracts of leaf, stem and fruit of Cucumis melo influenced the morpho-physiological characteristics of Brassica napus and Sinapis arvensis weeds.


November, 2022  Volume (57 - 2)
Allelochemicals, aqueous extract, Calotropis procera, fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), fungicidal activity, Fusarium semitectum, Fusarium solani, gram (Cicer arietinum), HPLC, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, lettuce (Lactuca sativa), Macrophomina phasiolina, mungbean (Vigna radiata), physiological attributes, Phompsos sp., Rhizoctonia solani, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).
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Allelopathic effects of Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton extracts on crops and fungi
  • Pages - 161-178
  • Zoya Baig, Nasrullah Khan, Wajid Siraj, Shagufta Sahar, Samia Sattar and Rafi Ullah
  • View 
  • View Abstract  The allelopathic potential of Calotropis procera (Aiton) W.T. Aiton was investigated on germination, growth and minerals uptake of 5-Agricultural crops : gram (Cicer arietinum L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L., mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek], fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). For this purpose, we treated seeds with 0 %, 10 %, 20 % and 30 % concentrations of the entire C. procera plant aqueous extract. The effect on germination was examined for six days, while the root and shoot length of the seedling were measured after 10 days of growth. The germination parameters, including germination (%) and mean germination time (MGT), were recorded at each concentration, including control. The results showed that these parameters except MGT were significantly reduced at higher concentrations. Likewise, biomass, minerals uptake and chlorophyll contents were markedly reduced. With the C. procera extract treatment, the fungal species (i.e. Fusarium solani, Macrophomina phasiolina, Sclerotinia sclerotium, Fusarium semitectum, Phompsos sp., Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Rhizoctonia solani) exhibited severe inhibition effects with the methanolic and lesser inhibition by the aqueous extract. Allelochemicals like p-hydroxybenzoic acid, coumaric acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin and caffeic acid were identified using HPLC and showed their antifungal activities. These results suggested that C. procera is harmful to crops under field conditions, but its extract may be used as a fungicide to control pathogenic fungi.


November, 2022  Volume (57 - 2)
Camellia sinensis, continuously planted soils, diversity, environmental factors, enzyme activity, fungal community, ITS amplicon sequencing technique, microbial community, physical and chemical indexes, rhizosphere soil, tea plantation.
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Effects of environmental factors on fungal community diversity in rhizosphere of tea plants
  • Pages - 179-190
  • Y. Zhang, F.Y. Chen, G.Y. Liu, X.L. Jia, X.Y. Wang, W.X. Lei, M.H. Chen, Q. Zhang, Q.S. Li and J.H. Ye
  • View 
  • View Abstract  We analyzed the soil fungal community structure and diversity using high-throughput sequencing technology and Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) along with environmental factors, in rhizosphere soil of Wuyi Rougui tea plants (Camellia sinensis). The tea rhizosphere soils were 0 (control), 4, 14, 28 and 32 years old. The results showed that the fungal community structure of Rougui rhizosphere soil changed with increasing years of tea planting, and > 115,849 valid reads were obtained for all samples. The dominant phyla were Zygomycota, Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Glomeromycota, Chytridiomycota and Neocallimastigomycota. The annotated analysis based on the first 35-most abundant fungal genera in the samples showed significant differences in the fungal taxa among the samples. The results of CCA showed that soils with various tea planting years differed and continuous planting of tea had great effects on the soil fungal communities. The fungal diversity in CK (Control) showed positive correlation with soil POD, DH, PA, ACP and negative correlation with soil SC, CAT, TP, URE, PH, PPO, CN.


November, 2022  Volume (57 - 2)
Allelochemicals, Biginelli reaction, Brassica napus, diphenyl ether, Echinokchloa crus-galli, herbicide activity, petri dish bioassay, phytotoxic compounds, pyrimidine, rape.
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Herbicide potential of new phytotoxins structurally based on plant allelochemicals
  • Pages - 191-204
  • X. Wang, X.J. Yang, H.Y. Fu, W. He, Y. X. Wang, D.A. Sampietro, S.X. Yang and Y. Kuang
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Agriculture requires the development of new herbicides to control weeds. The synthesis of molecules totally or partially based on the combination of basic allelochemical structures viz., chalcone, pyrimidine and diphenyl ether skeletons may provide phytotoxic compounds more active and environmentally friendly than present herbicides. In this work, chloride aryl pyrimidine benzyl ether (CAPBE) compounds 4a-4f and diphenyl pyrimidine propenone (DPPP) compounds 6a-6g were synthesized and tested on barnyardgrass (Echinochloa cruss-galli) and rape (Brassica napus). These compounds were designed by combining the pyrimidine-diphenyl ether and pyrimidine-chalcone structures, respectively. The herbicidal activity was tested in Petri dish bioassays at 100 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 1 mg/L. The CAPBE compound 4b bearing a 2,4-fluoride substitution in the benzyl ring, exerted the strongest herbicidal activity at 100 mg/L. The CAPBE structure by itself and its benzyl substituted derivatives 4-NO2 (4c) and 4-OCF3 (4e) had the strongest herbicidal activity to barnyardgrass, while the remaining CAPBE compounds, were similarly inhibitory to both test species. The DPPP compounds showed selective herbicidal activity on rape, with compound 6a as the most phytotoxic. However, phytotoxicity decreased with substitutions in the phenyl propenone moiety of the DPPP skeleton. Compounds 4b and 6a deserve further investigations as herbicide lead molecules.


November, 2022  Volume (57 - 2)
2-aroylcyclohex-2-enone, Brassica napus, compound, enzyme, Echinchloa crusgalli, herbicidal activity, 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD), inhibitor, molecular docking, mustard, proherbicide, rape, synthesis.
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Synthesis and herbicidal activity of 2-aroyl-3-arylamino/arylthiol cyclohex-2-enones as potential 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitors
  • Pages - 205-222
  • X. Wang, M.J. Luo, Y. Kuang, Y.S. Li, Z.H. Chen, W. Chen, X.P. Luo, A.D. Zhang and S.X. Yang
  • View 
  • View Abstract  4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.27, HPPD) enzyme is a promising inhibitor in the field of herbicide innovation. To discover this novel selective HPPD inhibitor, to overcome weed resistance problem, a structure-guided design strategy was used for the structural optimization of benzobicyclon, a commercial proherbicide targeting HPPD protein. Three series of 2-aroyl-3-arylamino/arylthiocyclohex-2-enones were designed and synthesized. Two screening methods, petri dish culture method and greenhouse pot culture, were used to evaluate their herbicidal activities. The petri dish test indicated that most of the synthesized target compounds had moderate to excellent inhibitory effects on the roots and shoots of both rape (Brassica napus) and barnyard grass (Echinchloa crusgalli) at 100 mg/L concentration. Among the 21-synthesized compounds, 11 compounds caused moderate to severe albinism symptoms and the albinism concentration was as low as 1 mg/L for compounds 8a~8g. Moreover, the compounds 8a~8g also showed favourable herbicidal efficacy to test weeds at 200 g ai/ha, indicating that these compounds are promising candidates to develop HPPD inhibitors. Molecular docking revealed that these synthesized compounds formed tight p-p and hydrogen bond interactions with AtHPPD in the active site.


November, 2022  Volume (57 - 2)
Antioxidant, Chenopodium ambrosioides, flavonoids, microwave and ultrasonic assisted extraction, MUAE, response surface analysis.
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Effects of microwave power, ultrasonic power and extraction time on bioactive flavonoids extraction from Chenopodium ambrosioides
  • Pages - 223-234
  • J. Li, S. Yang, C.G. Xia, Y.T. He, Y.Q. Yang, J.T. Nie, H.L. Shang and H. Zhang
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Ethanol extracts of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. contains many flavonoids, which have antioxidant and anti-tumor effects. In this study, the high yield of bioactive flavonoids from ethanol extract of C. ambrosioides, conditions of 3-factors [Microwave power (w), Ultrasonic power (w) and Extraction time (min)] involved in microwave and ultrasonic assisted extraction (MUAE), were optimized by single factor experiment and Box-Behnken experimental design of response surface methodology. The optimum conditions of these 3-factors were, microwave power: 300 w, ultrasonic power : 300 w and 20 min extraction time, extracted maximum flavonoids (10.17±0.13 µg/mL). The C. ambrosioides extract had high antioxidant activities against 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC50=0.56 µg/mL) and 2,2'-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) (IC50=12.375 µg/mL) radicals. In addition, the optimized extract inhibited the proliferation of human liver cancer cells SMMC-7721 in-vitro.


January, 2021  Volume (52 - 1)
The Allelopathy Journal
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EDITORIAL
  • Pages - 2-Jan
  • Allelopathy Journal


January, 2021  Volume (52 - 1)
Allelochemicals, allelopathy, bioherbicide, Brassica spp., eco-friendly, essential oils, natural herbicide, sorghum spp., sustainable agriculture, weed management
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Assessment of allelopathic compounds to develop new natural herbicides: A review
  • Pages - 19-38
  • Mst. Motmainna, Abdul Shukor B Juraimi, Md. Kamal Uddin, Norhayu Binti Asib, A. K. M. Mominul Islam and Mahmudul Hasan
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Herbicides are a crucial tool for weed control in crops. However, their continuous and indiscriminate uses have caused environmental pollution and development of weed resistance. Hence, there is an urgent need to minimise the dependence on synthetic herbicides. Allelopathy may be used to develop new bioherbicides to inhibit germination and growth of weeds. There is a great potential to develop eco-friendly herbicides from plants, but little research has been done so far in this context. Identification and quantification of natural weed control compounds (allelochemicals) of plants may help to develop natural herbicides (based on indigenous/invasive weed species), to reduce the dependence on synthetic herbicides and improve the integrated weed management programme in crops. This review describes thepotential allelochemicals present in plants, which may be used as a tool to develop new natural herbicides.


January, 2021  Volume (52 - 1)
Allelochemicals, allelopathy, chemical ecology, ecological restoration, forest succession, invasive plants
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Pioneers of Allelopathy: XVI. Shaolin Peng
  • Pages - 20-Mar
  • Shaolin Peng
  • View 
  • View Abstract 

    Shaolin Peng contributed immensely to restoration ecology research in last 40- years and has published > 700 papers. He has made innovative and theoretical breakthroughs in vegetation restoration, ecological restoration of invaded ecosystems, interaction between ecological restoration and global change, etc. One of his key achievements is vegetation restoration in subtropical South China. He has developed new models of vegetation in natural succession, replacement and fluctuation, advanced theory and proved that extremely degraded tropical forests can be restored. He established that allelopathy is one of the driving forces of forest succession and did related studies on systematic sampling and analysis of several forest communities from south to north in China. He has done outstanding research on invasive plants and examined the Novel Weapon Hypothesis (allelopathic inhibition) of invasive alien plants in South China and determined the various aspects of invasive mechanism of alien plants (molecular mechanism of elevated temperature and CO2 effects in allelopathy of invasive plants). He put forward the „Allelopathic resistance hypothesis (native plants resistance to invasive plants)‟ and „ecological control theory‟. In recognition of his contributions to Allelopathy field, he was awarded the Outstanding Achievement Award by the International Allelopathy Foundation. He also did in-depth studies on ecological impacts of invasive plants, specifically focusing on plant-soil feedback and plant-AMF symbiosis. Besides, Peng has mentored 68 Ph.D. and 38 M.Sc graduates, and was recognized as "Prominent Teacher" by Sun Yat-sen University. He has been the Vice President, Ecological Society of China, Vice Chairman, Nature Conservation and Eco-Environment Teaching Steering Committee, Ministry of Education, Member, Academic Degree Commission of State Council, Awarded „Top Ten Outstanding Youth in China‟, Young Scientist Award, Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Outstanding Scientific and Technical Worker of China.


January, 2021  Volume (52 - 1)
Autotoxicity, bacteria, continuous cropping obstacle, fungi, OTU, soil microorganisms, vanillic acid.
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Autotoxic effects of applied vanillic acid on Dynamic succession of soil microbial community
  • Pages - 39-62
  • R. X. Shao, C. Q. Zang, Z. Q. Ma, Y. H. Jiang, X. R. Han, J. F. Yang, C. H. Liang, Y. Lin, M. Han and Y. Q. Huang
  • View 
  • View Abstract  We studied the degradation of vanillic acid in soil was studied by high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. Illumina MISEQ high-throughput sequencing was used to identify the abundance of bacteria and fungi in soil. The results showed that when the concentration of vanillic acid decreased to a certain level in the soil, its degradation rate became slow. The application of vanillic acid gradually decreased the total number of bacterial OTUs in soil, while the total number of fungal OTUs increased. At the same time, the richness and diversity of bacteria were always higher than fungi. Key microbial taxa at different degradation stages of vanillic acid were identified at the phylum and genus level, including bacteria (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, Methylibium, Methylobacillus, Aeromicrobium, Pseudonocardia) and Fungi (Ascomycota, Zygomycota, Basidiomycota, Rhodotorula, Mortierella).


January, 2021  Volume (52 - 1)
Cucumber. Cucumis sativus L., monocropping, pot experiment, soil sickness, Trichoderma spp. community
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Dynamics of soil Trichoderma spp. communities in cucumber monocropping system
  • Pages - 65-72
  • J.Y. Zhang, Y.L. Guan, L.Y. Ran, J.F. Li, W.Q. Ge, Y.Y. Xing and X.G. Zhou
  • View 
  • View Abstract  We monitored the dynamics of Trichoderma spp. communities in a cucumber monocropping system. Trichoderma spp. community structure and abundance were analyzed with PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative PCR, respectively. Results showed that long-term monocropping did not affect the Trichoderma spp. community structure as indicated by the number of bands, Shannon-Wiener index and evenness index of the PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profile. Trichoderma spp. community structure abundance was the highest in the first cropping of cucumber. Our results suggested that changes in Trichoderma spp. communities may not be the causal agent of soil sickness in cucumber monocropping.


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