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Showing 1553 articles

January, 2023  Volume (58 - 1)
Agroforestry, allelochemicals, allelopathy, arjuna tree, GC-MS, plant-plant interactions, Terminalia arjuna, Triticum aestivum, wheat crop
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Allelopathic effects of agroforestry tree, Terminalia arjuna Roxb. ex DC. on the germination, growth and physio-biochemical processes of Triticum aestivum
  • Pages - 73-88
  • S.H. Shah, C. Chauhan, I. Singh, S. Kumar, A. Kaur and Y. Vimala
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  • View Abstract  The present study was conducted to investigate the allelopathic effects of abscised plant parts of Terminalia arjuna on germination, growth, and physio-biochemical processes of Triticum aestivum L. Different doses of plant material obtained from fruits (F100 and F50), branches (B100 and B50), leaves (L100 and L50), and the mixture of all plant parts (A100) were applied to the seedbeds of two varieties of T. aestivum, DPW-62150 and DBW-17. It was observed that both the varieties differed in the intensity of response towards the treatments measured in terms of seed germination, shoot length, root length, dry weight, vigour index, tolerance index, total chlorophyll, nitrogen and organic carbon. The mixture of all the plant parts of T. arjuna stimulated most of the studied parameters and wheat variety DBW-17 performed better as compared to DPW-62150. A total of 49 allelochemicals were identified in the GC-MS analysis, of which 28, 28, and 30 were present in the fruit, branch and leaf powder, respectively. It can be inferred from the study that T. aestivum, particularly variety DBW-17, can be successfully intercropped with T. arjuna. However, further field studies should be undertaken on a wider scale to validate the results of this study.


March, 2023  Volume (58 - 2)
Allelochemicals, nano-carriers, nano-encapsulation, nano-carriers, nano-formulations, nanotechnology, weed management.
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Scope of nanotechnology in allelopathic weed management
  • Pages - 89-108
  • S. Marimuthu, N. Swathika,S. Srivignesh and A Lakshmanan
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  • View Abstract  Crop production depends on the management of agricultural systems [fertilizers, irrigation and pests (Weeds, diseases, insects)]. Weeds cause one-third yield losses in crops. The indiscriminate use of herbicides for weed control has resulted in development of herbicide-resistant weeds, pollutes water resources and environment and adversely affects human health. Allelochemicals released from the plants may be used as bioherbicides to manage the weeds. The less persistence of allelochemicals in the soil environment limits their use in weed control. Encapsulation of allelochemicals in the nano-carriers protects them from external factors, thus improves the stability, longevity and availability of allelochemicals in the soil. The nano-carrier system includes nanocapsules, nanospheres, nanogels and hydrogels, nanoformulations, nano-emulsions, nanofibers, metal-organic frameworks, and more. This review provides information about the encapsulation of allelochemicals to control weeds


March, 2023  Volume (58 - 2)
Aroma composition, Camellia sinensis L., correlation analysis, internal quality, magnesium concentration, tea leaves, Wuyi Rougui
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Effects of magnesium on quality and aroma composition of Wuyi Rougui tea (Camellia sinensis L.) leaves
  • Pages - 109-120
  • Y. Zhang1,2, Q. Zhang2, M.H. Chen1,2, S. Chen2, G.J. Wang2, X.L. Jia2, H.B. He3 and J.H. Ye2*
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  • View Abstract 

    In hydroponic conditions, we investigated the effects of applied magnesium (Mg) on quality of leaf and aroma of seedlings of Wuyi Rougui tea (Camellia sinensis L.). Different concentrations of Mg [0.4 mM (Mg1), 0.6 mM (Mg2) and 0.8 mM (Mg3)] were added into the hydroponic solution. Control treatment did not contain Mg (Mg0). With the increasing availability of Mg, the polyphenols content were significantly increased. The lowest free amino acid content (2.44 %) was observed in the Mg1 treatment. The Mg treatments significantly influenced the caffeine level, except in Mg2 and Mg3. Maximum total flavone content (9.30 mg/g) was in Mg2 treatment followed by Mg1, Mg3 and Mg0, respectively. The highest content of soluble sugars (9.30 %) was observed in the Mg2 treatment followed by Mg1, Mg3 and Mg0. Principal component analyses of quality indicators showed that PCoA1 and PCoA2 differed in samples treated with various Mg concentrations and the total variability was 97.73 %. Caffeine and catechin contents showed a negative correlation to increasing Mg concentrations. The last ones displayed a positive correlation (r = 0.945) with (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal levels and were inversely correlated (r = - 0.967) with decanal content.


March, 2023  Volume (58 - 2)
Allelochemicals, allelopathic potential, Echinochloa crus-galli, Monochoria vaginalis, phenolic acids, swamp rice, roots, soil, weeds control
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Allelopathic herbicidal potential and quantification of allelochemicals from swamp rice field
  • Pages - 121-134
  • Sujinah, Dwi Guntoro and Sugiyanta
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  • View Abstract  We evaluated the allelopathic potential of allelochemicals present in the swamp rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties. The effects of 10-swamp rice varieties (Inpara 1, Inpara 2, Inpara 3, Inpara 4, Inpara 5, Inpara 6, Inpara 7, Inpara 8 Agritan, Inpara 9 Agritan and Inpara 10 BLB) were studied on two weeds (Echinochloa crus-galli and Monochoria vaginalis). The allelochemicals released as root exudates from these swamp rice varieties were quantified in root and soil samples with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that the swamp rice varieties differed in inhibiting the growth of E. crus-galli and M. vaginalis. The variety Inpara 7 caused maximum growth suppression of E. crus-galli (23.9 %) and M. vaginalis (29.3 %) than other varieties. Furthermore, Inpara 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 varieties also suppressed the growth of test weeds. HPLC analysis indicated that the allelochemicals concentration was significantly higher in roots than in soil, depending on the variety. The p-hydroxybenzoic acid content in the roots was higher than ferulic and p-coumaric acids, but the release of p-coumaric acid contents into the soil was higher than other compounds. The Inpara 3 roots contained higher contents of ferulic and p-coumaric acids than other varieties, while the highest p-hydroxybenzoic content was found in Inpara 2. The ferulic and p-coumaric acids were significantly correlated with weed growth variables. These compounds may play important roles in regulating rice allelopathy.


March, 2023  Volume (58 - 2)
Ageratum conyzoides, Axonopus compressus, bioherbicide, Cyperus rotundus, ethylacetate, GCMS, Pot culture, precocene II, subfraction, weeds.
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Phytotoxicity of Ageratum conyzoides L. ethyl acetate extract on Amaranthus spinosus L., Cyperus rotundus L. and Axonopus compressus L.
  • Pages - 135-152
  • G. Erida, C.N. Ichsan, S. Hafsah, R. Husna, M. Hayati, Syamsuddin, Nurhayati and N. Mayani
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  • View Abstract 

    We evaluated the herbicidal activity of fractions recovered from the ethyl acetate leaf extract of Ageratum conyzoides L. on Amaranthus spinosus L., Cyperus rotundus L. and Axonopus compressus L. growth. The leaves of A. conyzoides were defatted with n-hexane and then extracted with ethyl acetate. Two subfractions A and B, were recovered after fractionation of the ethyl acetate extract by column chromatography. In pot assays, the ethyl acetate extract of 2-subfractions A and B were applied to A. spinosus, C. rotundus and A. compressus at concentrations of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 % and the herbicide (2,4-D at 0.686 kg a.i. ha-1) and distilled water applied as positive and negative controls, respectively. The subfractions showed phytotoxic activity 7-days after the start of the pot assay. Subfraction A at concentrations of 4 % or higher completely suppressed the growth of A. spinosus and that of A. compressus at 10 % concentration. Thus, subfraction B was less phytotoxic to weeds than subfraction A. The C. rotundus weed was less sensitive to both subfractions. GC-MS indicated the presence of caryophyllene (6.40 %), 2-propenoic acid, 3-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-, (E)- (15.35%), precosene II (23.33 %) and phytol (4.33 %) in subfraction A; and caryophyllene (9.61 %), 2-propenoic acid, 3-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-, (E)- (20.82 %), precocene I (3.27 %) and precocene II (29.78 %) in subfraction B. Our results showed that subfraction A had promising herbicidal effects on A. spinosus and A. compressus, while, subfraction B was herbicidal to A. spinosus.


March, 2023  Volume (58 - 2)
Column chromatography, essential oil, hydrodistillation, Meloidogyne incognita, Mentha longifolia, nematicide, protected cultivation, root knot nematode, Solanum lycopersicum, tomato.
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Chemical composition and nematicidal activity of essential oil and piperitenone oxide of Mentha longifolia L. against Meloidogyne incognita
  • Pages - 165-182
  • A. P. Abhishek Gowda, Pankaj*, N.A. Shakil1, V.S. Rana1, A.K. Singh2, K.C. Bhatt3and K.P. Devaraja
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  • View Abstract  The essential oil (EO) from the aerial parts of Mentha longifolia was obtained by hydro-[distillation method and its chemical composition was determined using GC-MS. This oil was rich in oxygenated monoterpenes (64.91 %) and sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons (1.62 %). Piperitenone oxide (62.91 %) was identified as major compound along with limonene; germacrene-D; 1, 8-cineole; piperitenone; linalool propanoate and p-mentha-1, 8-diene-2-one. Piperitenone oxide (PO) was purified from the oil using column chromatography and identified by1D and 2D NMR and GC-MS. Its EO and PO were evaluated at different concentrations (31.25 to 1000 ppm) for their nematicidal activity against M. incognita in lab conditions. These effectively killed the nematodes with LC50/96h values of 92.74 and 34.15 ppm, respectively. In pot study, they were applied to tomato plants as bare root dipping and soil drenching at 1000 and 2000 ppm under polyhouse condition. PO showed promising nematicidal activity and suppressed nematode infestation and multiplication (9.5 galls/root and 11 egg masses/root) on tomato roots compared to EO (13 galls/root and 15.5 egg masses/root) as a soil dresser at 2000 ppm with increased plant biomass and Fluopyrum 400 SC @ 500 g a.i. ha-1 (6.5 galls/root and 5.2 egg masses/root). Piperitenone oxide showed potent nematicidal activity against M. incognita for the first time and could be used as an alternate to synthetic nematicide against M. incognita.


May, 2023  Volume (59 - 1)
Allelochemicals, allelopathy, decomposition of plant residues, leaching, managed ecosystems, microorganisms, natural products, naturally occurring herbicide, plants, root exudation, sustainable agriculture, volatilization.
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Allelopathy Research: Past, Present and Future--II. Managed Ecosystems
  • Pages - 20-Jan
  • Chang-Hung Chou and Chao-Min Wang
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  • View Abstract 

    Molish in 1937 coined Allelopathy from two Greek words, ‘allelo’ (means two organisms) and ‘pathy’ (means harm). The term defined as plant released metabolites into environment through ecological processes: volatilization, leaching, root exudation and decomposition of plant debris in soil, resulting in detrimental effects on understorey or neighbouring plants sharing the same habitat. This essay aimed to describe the allelopathy researches dealing with the allelopathy in natural and managed ecosystems in the past, present and future. The allelopathy plays an important role in managed ecosystems, particularly in agricultural productivity. The yield reduction of rice (Oryza stiva L.) in the second crop season was 25 to 50 % lower than the first crop season in Taiwan. This phenomenon was designated as auto-intoxication, which is another phase of allelopathy. The potential of allelochemicals are often modified by environmental stresses (temperature, soil pH, drought, nutrients deficiency, light and physiological or biochemical interactions) under varied environmental conditions. The action modes of allelochemicals on the structure and function of plants are via physiological and molecular interactions. Allelochemicals released from plants, microorganisms, or algae can be used as agro-chemicals (Herbicides, fungicides, nematicides and anti-pathogens), these are environmental friendly for sustainable agriculture. For example, the win-win strategy of pasture-forest intercropping results in the kikuyu grass suppresses the weed growth due to the allelopathic effects of kikuyu grass, but is good for the regeneration of chinese fir. Furthermore, the mechanisms of allelochemicals action on crops are discussed. The allelochemicals cover very broad aspects of chemical interactions among organisms, thus, the fundamental studies of natural products from organisms need trainings in multi-disciplinary sciences viz., Biology, ecology, biochemistry, organic chemistry, molecular biology, soil science and earth sciences. The authors coined a new scientific term called “Allelochemicology”, which hopefully, inspires young scientists in life sciences to explore this field to solve the most difficult tasks in ecology, sustainable agriculture, pharmaceutical and medicinal applications. The research finding of allelopathy, indeed, can be beneficial to human beings in reaching the Sustainable Development Goals.


May, 2023  Volume (59 - 1)
Allelopathy, bacterial diversity, DNA, GCMS, root exudates, Salix matsudana, soil, willow
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Allelopathic effects of Salix matsudana (Koidz) root exudates on soil bacterial diversity
  • Pages - 21-32
  • Di Wu, Xue Wang, Peng Yin, Junkang Zhang, Yu Cui and Jichen Xu
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  • View Abstract  Allelopathy can seriously affect the growth and vitality of plants and microorganisms. This studyWe analyzed the effects of Willow (Salix matsudana KoidzAuthor, please add Author to this Botanical name in Abstract, Methods and Material and Reseults and Discussion?)) root exudates on soil bacterial diversity to explore the interactions between plants and soil microorganisms. A total of 18 compounds were identified from the root exudates of S. matsudana variety Yanjiang by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry GCMS in which the butylacetate content was the most increased maximum (72.20 % %). Soil was treated with S. matsudana root exudates, and and genomic DNA of microorganisms was extracted and analyzed by 16s-rDNA sequencing. A total of 374 bacterial species were identified, 91% % of which were uncultured. Uncultured_bacterium_c_subgroup_6 was the dominant bacteria in both treated and control samples. Two species of uncultured_bacterium_f_Acetobacterales_incertae_sedis and uncultured_bacterium_f_Lachnospiraceae were found only in the treated sample, whereas, two species of Kofleria_flava and uncultured_bacterium_f_Enterobacteriaceae were present only in the control sample. The abundance of most species differed between the treated and control bacterial communities, e.g., the abundance of uncultured_bacterium_f_Amb-16S-1034 was 7.22 times higher in the control than in the treated sample, and and uncultured_bacterium_g_Bacteroides was 6.65 times higher in the treated community than in the control. Functional analysis showed that bacteria in the treated sample were enriched for some disease-resistant and cellulose-decomposing strains. The results demonstrated that willow root exudates can change the soil microbial community structure, which might correspondingly affect the plant growth.


May, 2023  Volume (59 - 1)
Allelopathic potential, Eucalyptus urophylla, flavonoids, island habitat, Litsea rotundifolia, phenols, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, salt stress, Schefflera heptaphylla, Toxicodendron succedaneum, wind stress.
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Allelopathic potential of medicinal plants (Eucalyptus urophylla, Litsea rotundifolia, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Schefflera heptaphylla, Toxicodendron succedaneum) in island habitats: Influence of wind and salt stress
  • Pages - 33-48
  • F.Y. Zhang, L.X. Chang, Q.Y. Zhang and S.S. Ye
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  • View Abstract  This study aimed to evaluate the impact of wind and salt stress on the allelopathic potential of medicinal trees growing on Sanjiao Island. The test species were Eucalyptus urophylla Blake., Toxicodendron succedaneum (L.) Ktze., Litsea rotundifolia Hemsl. var. oblongifolia (Nees) Allen., Schefflera heptaphylla (L.) Frodin. and Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Ait.) Hassk. They were grown in pots regularly subjected to air flows (0~2 m/s or 4~6 m/s) or irrigation with NaCl solutions at 8 % or 10 %. Similar plants without exposure to salt or air flow served as controls (CK). Aqueous extracts were prepared from these trees leaves and tested on seed germination of radish and cabbage in laboratory assays, and their total phenol/flavonoid content were measured. Exposure of E. urophylla, L. rotundifolia, and R. tomentosa to wind and/or salt stress significantly inhibited the growth of the recipient plants, while T. succedaneum had the stimulatory effects. S. heptaphylla subjected to wind stress significantly stimulated the root growth of cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) but inhibited the shoot growth of cabbage. While the S. heptaphylla exposed to salt stress stimulated the root length and inhibited the root mass of cabbage and radish. Wind and salt stress significantly enhanced the allelopathic potential of E. urophylla and L. rotundifolia, while, reducing the allelopathic potential of T. succedaneum. Wind stress had a dominant influence on the allelopathic potential of S. heptaphylla, while, salt stress dominated R. tomentosa’s influence. Phenols were detected in all five species, but flavonoids were detected only in L. rotundifolia, S. heptaphylla, and R. tomentosa. Thus wind and salt stress were important factors affecting the allelopathic potential of test plants. The enhanced allelopathic potentials of E. urophyllai and T. succedaneum could be explained by increased total phenols and/or flavonoids, while the decreased total phenols of T. succedaneum accounted for its stimulatory allelopathic potential


May, 2023  Volume (59 - 1)
Annona squamosa, bioassay, blackgram, cowpea, GC-MS, germination, Mangifera indica, mango, Moringa, Moringa oleifera, seedling growth, sugar apple, Vigna mungo, Vigna unguiculata.
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Influence of tree botanicals on seed germination and enzyme activity in blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
  • Pages - 49-68
  • K. Sangeetha, C. Swaminathan, E. Subramanian, B. Sivasankari and P. Kannan
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  • View Abstract  In petri plate bioassay we studied the effects of aqueous leaf extracts from 3- tree species viz., mango (Mangifera indica L.), sugar apple (Annona squamosa L.), moringa (Moringa oleifera L.) on seed germination and seedlings growth of blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). We also identified the bioactive compounds in these extracts. The aqueous 5 % leaf extract of A. squamosa significantly increased the germination and seedling growth of both blackgram and cowpea. The seed germination was stimulated by 15 % and 0 %, root length by 21 % and 36.6 %; shoot length by 30.9 % and 21.77 %, seedling weight by 25 % and 95 %than control, respectively. Aqueous leaf extract of M. oleifera at 5 % concentration also improved the shoot length; root length and seedling dry weight in both crops over control. On the contrary, it inhibited the seed germination of cowpea by 15 %, when compared to control. Besides, allelochemicals found in moringa leaves also inhibited the germination. According to GCMS results, 2-piperidinone (26.50 %), catechol (15.50 %) and benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro (21.48 %) were, respectively, abundant in the leaf extracts of Annona, Mango, and Moringa. The presence of high amount of phenolic and flavonoids compounds in moringa leaves inhibited the cowpea seed germination than annona. Thus, tree botanicals could be used as a biostimulant as well as bioherbicide to replace the synthetic agrochemicals, thereby, protecting the environment.


May, 2023  Volume (59 - 1)
Antifungal activity, Chenopodium murale, chloroform fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium wilt, GC-MS, methanol extract, natural fungicides, stem extract
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Fungicidal activity of stem extract of Chenopodium murale L. against the pathogen of Fusarium wilt of tomato
  • Pages - 69-80
  • Syeda Fakehha Naqvi, Arshad Javaid and Iqra Haider Khan
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  • View Abstract  Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) is a highly destructive pathogen of tomato causing wilt disease. In search of an alternative strategy to synthetic fungicides for the control of this pathogen, methanolic stem extract of a winter weed Chenopodium murale L. was investigated against this pathogen. The methanolic stem extract (1 to 5 %) significantly (P = 0.05) suppressed the fungal growth by 39-74 %. This extract was partitioned using 3-organic solvents of different polarities. Bioassays with different concentrations (1.562 to 200 mg mL-1) showed the best antifungal activity was of chloroform > n-hexane > ethyl acetate sub-fraction causing 51-100 %, 52-98 % and 29-98 % reduction in biomass of FOL, respectively. GC-MS analysis of chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions showed 20 and 8 compounds, respectively. Acetic acid, butyl ester (22.72 %), cyclopentanol (20.15 %), 2-hexanol (21.36 %), oleic acid (13.92 %), morphine (12.97 %) and ß-sitosterol (11.79 %) were abundant compounds in these two sub-fractions.


May, 2023  Volume (59 - 1)
Biochemical composition, Culiseta longiareolata, essential oil, Eucalyptus globulus, GC/MS, larvicidal activity, morphometry. C. longiareolata
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Insecticidal activity of Eucalyptus globulus (Labill) essential oil against Culiseta longiareolata (M., 1838) (Diptera: Culicidae)
  • Pages - 81-94
  • Hadda Yahia, Fouzia Djebbar , Djahida Mahdi and Noureddine Soltani
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  • View Abstract  This study was done to determine the chemical composition of essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.) (Myrtaceae) leaves cultivated in Tebessa (Algeria) and to assess their potential larvicidal activity against the most abundant mosquito specie, Culiseta longiareolata (M., 1838) (Diptera, Culicidae). Under standard laboratory conditions the larvicidal activity of essential oil extracted from E. globulus was tested at 6-concentrations (0,5,10,20,30 and 40 ppm) on newly molted fourth-instar Culiseta longiareolata larvae. The effects were examined on the mortality, morphometric measurements and biochemical composition of larvae, pupae and adults body. The steam distillation of E. globulus dry flowers yielded 2.89 + 0.64 % essential oil. Its chemical composition by GC/MS, identified compounds. The major compounds were : Sabinene (35.38 %) and a-Phellandrene (12.64 %). Bioassay test revealed that E. globulus essential oil exhibited larvicidal activity against fourth instar larvae of C. longiareolata at 24 h (LC50 and LC90 values were 24.23 and 46.13 ppm, respectively). The morphometric study showed that the essential oil decreased the growth of different developmental stages of C. longiareolata. Moreover, it reduced significantly the body contents of carbohydrates and lipids in larvae, pupae, adult male and female and increased the protein content. Due to its mosquitocidal efficacy, E. globulus essential oil may be used as an attractive candidate for further study to monitor resistance of mosquito vectors.


May, 2023  Volume (59 - 1)
Amaranthus retroflexus L., chlorophyll, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv., Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., glyphosate, shikimate, weed.
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Effects of applied glyphosate on shikimate and chlorophyll contents in 3-weed species Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. and Amaranthus retroflexus L.
  • Pages - 95-106
  • Jingchao Chen, Ying Zheng, Minggang Zhang and Xiangju Li
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  • View Abstract  In field study we determined the effects of applied glyphosate on the dynamics of shikimate accumulation and chlorophyll content at different growth stages in 3-test weeds Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. and Amaranthus retroflexus L. The applied glyphosate increased the shikimate content in dose dependent manner. All 3-test weed species showed the highest accumulation of shikimate in early growth stage, when glyphosate was applied at 820 g ae ha-1 and 1640 g ae ha-1. The highest shikimate accumulation in plants of Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. and Amaranthus retroflexus L. was 2528.6 µg g-1, 2366.0 µg g-1, and 8236.1 µg g-1, respectively. The leaf single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) values of 3-test weeds 7 days after treatment (DAT) were inversely correlated to the glyphosate dose. The highest leaf SPAD values were recorded in Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. plants at latter growth stage and in Amaranthus retroflexus L. plants in early growth, with glyphosate at 820 g ae ha-1 and 1640 g ae ha-1. Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. and Amaranthus retroflexus L. were subjected to logistic model using the shikimate and relative chlorophyll contents, respectively. This study can be used to test the glyphosate response in resistant weeds and to detect their weed sensitivity to applied glyphosate in field conditions.


July, 2023  Volume (59 - 2)
Absorbance, antioxidants, azulene, Buddleja davidii, Cedrus atlantica, chloroplasts, Eucalyptus cinerea, Kalanchoe pinnata, leaf surface, microspectrophotometry, photochemical activity, Picea pungens, Pinus parviflora
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Plant leaf surface as a sensory system in allelopathic relations: 1. Role of azulenes
  • Pages - 109-122
  • V.V. Roshchina
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  • View Abstract  The components of leaf surface sensory systems were considered as the acceptor of external signals- allelochemicals. The role of blue natural azulenes -antioxidants in plant life was studied on two models. First model used bluish and silver leaves of 5-woody species [Buddleja davidii Franch (Buddlejaceae), Cedrus atlantica (Endl.) Manetti ex, Carrière cv. Argentea (Pinaceae), Eucalyptus cinerea F. Muell. Ex. Benth (Myrtaceae), Picea pungens Engelm. cv. Argentea- (Pinaceae), and Pinus parviflora Siebold& Zucc. cv. Glauca (Pinaceae)] for microscopic analysis of their surface by transmitted light of microscope and microspectro- photometer/microfluorimeter. The microscanning of leaf surface by these techniques showed the azulene-containing wax plates. The presence of azulenes also showed the absorbance spectra of surface with characteristic maximum of 580 and 607 nm, which was also seen in the ethanol or acetone extracts of blue pigments. Their emission was seen in blue laser-scanning confocal microscope and was similar to artificial base azulene.


July, 2023  Volume (59 - 2)
Bacteria, denitrification, microbes, nitrification, nitrogen, nitrogen fixation, pH value, quality, rhizosphere soils, soil, tea quality, tea plantation, tea tree.
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Effects of soil acidity on soil nitrogen-transforming microorganisms, biochemical intensity and tea quality
  • Pages - 123-134
  • L. Hong, Y.H. Wang, Y.C. Wang, S.X. Lin, L. Ding, J.Q. Kang, J.H. Ye, X.L. Jia and H.B. Wang
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  • View Abstract  To analyze the effects of soil acidity on tea quality and the ability of soil nitrogen transformation, the tea leaves and tea tree rhizosphere soils were collected from 26-tea plantations and determined their contents of theanine and amino acids in tea leaves, the number of soil nitrogen transforming microorganisms and soil biochemical intensity. The results showed that the content of theanine and amino acid in tea leaves, the number of aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria and ammonifying bacteria in the soil and the nitrogen fixation intensity and ammonification intensity of the soil increased with the increase of pH value of tea tree rhizosphere soil. However, the number of soil nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria and soil nitrification intensity and denitrification intensity showed a downward trend. The results of principal component analysis showed that the contribution rate of principal component 1 and principal component 2 was 84.97 % and 7.57 %, respectively. In the soil with different acidity, the main contribution to differentiate the amino acid and theanine content in tea leaves came from the ability of soil for nitrogen fixation and ammonification as well as the ability of soil nitrification and denitrification. The results of correlation analysis showed that soil pH value was significantly positively correlated with theanine, amino acid, aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, ammonifying bacteria, nitrogen fixation intensity and ammoniating intensity, while significantly negatively correlated with nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, nitrification intensity and denitrification intensity. The intensification of soil acidity decreased the nitrogen fixation and ammonification activities and boosted nitrification and denitrification activities and decreased the quality of tea leaves.


July, 2023  Volume (59 - 2)
Allelochemicals, Brassica pekinensis, enzymes, germination, Glehnia littoralis, monocropping, rhizosphere soil, seedling growth, seedling physiology.
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Analysis of Glehnia littoralis Fr. allelochemicals in continuously cropped soil and their effects on seedlings growth and physiology of Brassica pekinensis (Lour.)
  • Pages - 135-150
  • Junxia Gu, Jingqiao Zhao, Miaoxia Wang, Weihong Shi, Yang Li, Jiemin Wang, Huigai Sun and Xiaowei Han
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  • View Abstract  This work aimed to identify the allelochemicals released by Glehnia littoralis Fr. Schmidt ex Miq. in soil and to study their allelopathic activity on Brassica pekinensis (Lour.) Rupr. In seedling tray assays, the rhizosphere soil from G. littoralis continuous monocropping drastically inhibited the growth of B. pekinensis. In Petri dish assays, Methanolic extracts from control soil (CK), soil under first G. littoralis cropping (FS), and continuous cropping (CS) were tested on germination and seedlings growth of B. pekinensis. These extracts inhibited the germination potential, germination rate, shoot height and root length of Brassica pekinensis. GC-MS analysis of the methanolic extracts revealed the presence of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-DTBP). These allelochemicals inhibited the seedling growth of B. pekinensis in Petri dish assays, and had deleterious effects on photosynthetic system and redox balance. Activities of peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) increased, whereas, superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased, chlorophyll content was lowered, but hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were increased. Our results suggested that under monocropping G. littoralis releases allelochemicals (DBP and 2,4-DTBP) into the soil.


July, 2023  Volume (59 - 2)
Allelopathic effects, biochemical parameters, Date palm, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, extracts, Nerium oleander, Phoenix dactylifera L., seeds germination, seedlings growth.
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Allelopathic effects of Eucalyptus camaldulensis L. and Nerium oleander L. on Phoenix dactylifera L. (Date Palm) seeds germination and seedlings growth
  • Pages - 151-166
  • Azhar Mahdi Abdul-Sahib
  • View 
  • View Abstract  We evaluated the allelopathic effects of aqueous, acetone extracts of Eucalyptus camaldulensis L. and Nerium oleander L. leaves on seeds germination and seedlings growth of Phoenix dactylifera L. (Date Palm). All acetone extracts of Eucalyptus and Nerium reduced the germination percentage and rate of germination significantly. The aqueous extracts followed the similar trends to acetone ones, but were less harmful to both germination parameters. The irrigation with Eucalyptus or Nerium aqueous extracts also decreased the seedlings growth. The Eucalyptus aqueous extracts of 20 and 30 % significantly reduced the leaf length, leaf dry matter, leaf area and total chlorophyll content at (4.75, 2.59, 3.49, 11.50 and 3.09 %) and at (5.28, 4.34, 10.43, 14.10 and 3.09 %) respectively. The Eucalyptus acetone extracts at 20 and 30 % were more harmful to all these parameters and caused reduction of 6.72, 4.10, 11.97, 11.83 and 3.60 % and at 7.86, 6.12, 10.74, 14.43 and 3.75 %, respectively.


July, 2023  Volume (59 - 2)
Chlorogenic acid, crohn's disease, herbal metabolites, inflammatory bowel disease, myeloperoxidase, tauroursodeoxycholate, Ulcerative colitis, UC.
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Amelioration of ulcerative colitis by herbal secondary plant metabolites and their molecular mechanism
  • Pages - 167-176
  • Shobhini Chandel, Saumya Das, Neha and Vijayant Singh Chauhan
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  • View Abstract  Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are immune-mediated abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract and primarily include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Environmental and genetic variables are part of the disease's etiology. Antibiotics, steroids, amino-salicylate and immunomodulators have all been used to decrease the signs of illness and maintain the recovery. Unfortunately, it has been discovered that prolonged use of these medicines causes serious toxicities, which discourages consumers. The anti-UC campaigns are primarily targeted at oxidative stress or inflammation, which increases the anti-inflammatory cytokine levels and suppresses the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Herbal medicines may have advantages due to their high patient acceptance, efficacy, relative safety and low cost. Numerous studies have shown the usefulness of herbal medicines in treating UC and these have achieved widespread patient approval. The research on herbal therapy is insufficient, complicated and perplexing and it is unquestionably linked to both hazards and benefits. To increase the quality and safety of herbal medicine treatments for UC, more carefully controlled clinical trials are required.


July, 2023  Volume (59 - 2)
Blood pressure control, comprehensive health management, disease development, hypertension, morbidity and mortality.
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Uncontrolled Hypertension: Silent but deadly culprit behind a multitude of health woes
  • Pages - 177-186
  • Vishnu Prabhakar, Avijit Mazumder, Saumya Das and Anmol Kanda
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  • View Abstract  Hypertension is a significant global health concern associated with increased morbidity and mortality. It was major cause of death for women and men in 2019 i.e. 20 % of worldwide fatalities. This review aimed to explore the intricate relationship between hypertension and development of over 15 diseases based. Although effective blood pressure control and appropriate antihypertensive medication can mitigate these risks, but hypertension remains a complex condition involving multiple organs and systems, posing challenges for study and requiring targeted drug development. Hypertension often presents with no symptoms, leading to many individuals being unaware of their condition. Regular health check-ups that includes blood pressure monitoring for effective management and prevention of chronic illnesses are essential. However, relying solely on blood pressure check-ups is inadequate, particularly for individuals with long-term hypertension who face higher risk of associated diseases. To ensure comprehensive health management, physicians should conduct thorough whole-body check-ups to detect early signs of these diseases in hypertensive patients, enabling tailored selection of appropriate antihypertensive medications.


July, 2023  Volume (59 - 2)
Constipation, gut microbiota, hemorrhoid. probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics and synbiotics.
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A critical evaluation of beneficial gut flora: Probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics and synbiotics to treat constipation and haemorrhoids
  • Pages - 187-196
  • A. Pandey, A. Mazumder and Saumya Das
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  • View Abstract  Constipation is becoming more prevalent due to bad lifestyle habits, strain and firm stools that slow down gut transit time. Long-term constipation can lead to hemorrhoids (piles), which have bulging veins around the anus. Probiotics and prebiotics available today are very beneficial in treating digestive problems. Prebiotics help to develop the gut microbiota, (Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Bacteroidetes and Lactobacilli), associated with functional gastrointestinal issues. They work together to boost the positive effects and enhance the stool consistency. There are various readily available prebiotic and probiotic formulations to improvement illnesses (cancer of the intestines, IBD, hemorrhoids etc.) and other conditions as well as stool consistency. Synbiotics are combination of prebiotics and probiotics with synergistic effects by providing live microorganisms and a growth substrate for beneficial bacteria. These combinations improves the stool frequency and consistency, as well as reducing the severity of hemorrhoidal symptoms. Furthermore, postbiotics (metabolic byproducts of probiotics), have potential therapeutic properties. Postbiotics (short-chain fatty acids, bacteriocins, and exopolysaccharides), possesses the anti-inflammatory, immune-modulating and trophic effects on the intestinal epithelium. These properties contributes to alleviate the constipation and hemorrhoidal symptoms.


July, 2023  Volume (59 - 2)
Acute wound, applications, chronic wound, hydrogel formulations, phases of wound, wound healing.
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Recent advances in hydrogel-based drug delivery for wound healing therapy: A Systematic Review
  • Pages - 197-206
  • Aishwaray, Saumya Das, Avijit Mazumder and Gajender
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  • View Abstract  A network of hydrophilic polymers makes the hydrogels, polymeric substances with a high water absorption and retention capacity. These materials are advantageous in many biomedical uses, including wound healing. The medicinal potential of multiple hydrogel for wound healing is explained in this review. Alginate, chitosan and hyaluronic acid are 3 types of hydrogels, these were combined to prepare the multiple hydrogel formulation. Alginate can collect much wound exudate, whereas, chitosan is antibacterial and encourage cell growth. Whereas, hyaluronic acid aid in tissue repair. Wound healing involves four perfectly synchronized processes (hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling). For successfully healing of wounds, these four steps need to take place in the right order and timeframe. To heal the wound and prevent secondary infections, the appropriate wound dressing is crucial. There are numerous formulations, where hydrogel is most suitable and frequently used presently, due to its anti-inflammatory, microbiological and easily accessible qualities.


July, 2023  Volume (59 - 2)
Biopsychosocial model, central neuromodulators, functional gastrointestinal disorders, irritable bowel syndrome, tricyclic antidepressants
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Central neuromodulators in mitigating functional gastrointestinal disorders: Mechanism and Effectiveness
  • Pages - 207-218
  • Soni Kumari, Saumya Das and Apporva Mishra
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  • View Abstract  In Functional gastrointestinal disorders, there is a paucity of knowledge regarding the fundamental physical and chemical anomalies, thus it can be solely diagnosed by symptomatology. They are triggered by gastrointestinal problems like changes in gut permeability, propulsion, gut flora, immunological response, and central nervous system function. The patient's nonadaptive behaviors, anxiety and concurrent psychiatric disorders all make these symptoms worse and result in long-lasting symptoms that affect the entire gut, such as discomfort, indigestion, and disturbed bowel habits. A biopsychosocial approach to management entails dietary and nutritional adjustments, modifications in lifestyle recommendations, and the use of medicine to address underlying pathophysiology. Functional gastrointestinal disorders are treated with antidepressants, antipsychotics and various medications that target the central nervous system. These drugs are now referred to as neuromodulators. Patients may benefit from using tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and various central neuromodulators, but there are also risks involved. The different approaches to treat functional gastrointestinal problems are described in this review paper. The various negative effects of central neuromodulators as well as the processes by which they operate, the distinctions between the various classes and types of agents, and how they differ from one another are discussed in this paper.


July, 2023  Volume (59 - 2)
Anxiety, cognition, cognitive dysfunction, corticosteroids, psychiatry disorders, stress, systemic corticosteroid therapy
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A spotlight on the brain's fragility and resilience in mental and cognitive domains
  • Pages - 219-228
  • Adarsh Gaur, Avijit Mazumder, Saumya Das and Vishnu Prabhakar
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  • View Abstract  Corticosteroids have a significant impact on the brain, and excessive corticosteroid use, both endogenous and exogenous, has been associated with cognitive dysfunction in various medical conditions. This article aimed to analyze the existing literature on the cognitive effects of glucocorticosteroids and identify the specific cognitive functions that may be affected. The authors proposed that corticosteroid-induced cognitive dysfunction could be attributed to changes in brain regions such as the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Additionally, the article suggested the possibility of using pharmacological interventions to manage corticosteroid-related cognitive dysfunction. Corticosteroids, synthetic hormones widely used in medicine to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system, can have unfavourable effects when used long-term, including increased infection risk, mood changes, weight gain, and elevated blood pressure and blood sugar levels. Systemic corticosteroid therapy can also lead to psychiatric adverse effects. Adverse effects are more common with higher dosages, and reducing or discontinuing corticosteroid use often helps alleviate symptoms. The article proposes an approach to identify and manage psychiatric syndromes caused by corticosteroid use based on symptoms and expected duration of therapy. Psychiatric reactions are common with systemic corticosteroid therapy, with around 6% of patients experiencing severe reactions and about 28% experiencing milder responses, as reported in extensive meta-analyses. Corticosteroid therapy can disrupt mood, cognition, sleep, behavior, and may even lead to delirium or psychotic episodes. However, short-term use is more likely to result in euphoria and hypomania, while prolonged treatment may trigger depression. The occurrence of adverse effects is directly related to the corticosteroid dosage, rather than the timing, intensity, or duration of the effects. Previous reactions to corticosteroids do not reliably predict future adverse responses. Symptoms typically arise at the beginning of therapy and improve with dosage reduction or discontinuation of glucocorticoid treatment. In severe cases where dose reduction is not possible, adjunctive use of antipsychotic medications or mood stabilizers may be appropriate. This article provides recommendations for recognizing and addressing psychiatric disorders caused by corticosteroid treatment, taking into account specific symptoms and expected duration of therapy.


July, 2023  Volume (59 - 2)
Asthma, biologics, biomarkers, monoclonal antibodies, pathogenesis, severe asthma, target therapy.
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Biologics targeted therapies for uncontrolled asthma
  • Pages - 229-238
  • Jatin Saini, AvijitMazumder and Arbaz Khan
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  • View Abstract  Asthma needs controller medication and high-dose inhaled corticosteroids to stop severe asthma from worsening. Patients with severe uncontrolled asthma require add-on medication, which may include biologics. To treat asthma, biologic medicines target pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin IL-5, IL-4, IL-13, or IL-17 as well as important immunological regulators like IgE. Biologic treatments (reslizumab, benralizumab and mepolizumab) that reduces the blood and tissue eosinophils may be beneficial for patients with an eosinophilic phenotype and uncontrolled asthma. Management with anti-IL-13 or anti-IL-4 dupilumab monoclonal antibodies may also be beneficial for patients with Th2-high phenotype. The main drawbacks of biologic medicines used to treat asthma are the cross-over and overlap of the various pathways involved in the pathophysiology of the disease, which may result in partial failure of these therapies.


July, 2023  Volume (59 - 2)
Camellia sinensis, Chaperone-Based Therapy, Enzyme Replacement Therapy, Fabry Disease, Lysosomal Storage Disorder, Substrate Depletion Therapy
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Fabry Disease: Current scenario in India using herbal plants
  • Pages - 239-250
  • SandhyaSingh, Avijit Mazumder, Bhavani Pentela and Vishnu Prabhakar
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  • View Abstract  Fabry disease is an uncommon hereditary lysosomal storage disorder known as a sphingolipidosis. It arises due to deficiency of -galactosidase A (GLA), leading to the accumulation of excessive glycosphingolipids in cellular structures. It is also called Alpha-Galactosidase or Anderson Fabry disease. It primarily affects hemizygous males, with various symptoms such as neurological distress (pain), dermal manifestations (angiokeratoma), renal complications (proteinuria, kidney failure), cardiovascular issues (cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia), cochleo-vestibular impairments and cerebrovascular events (transient ischemic attacks, strokes). Symptoms may manifest in heterozygous females and magnitude ranges from mild to profound. Furthermore, patients experience pain, gastrointestinal disturbances and impairments in the eyes, ears, lungs and bones. Early detection of Fabry disease is crucial for timely and appropriate treatment, currently focused on enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) using Pegunigalsidase-alfa and Moss-aGal. Other cutting-edge Chaperone-based therapy, substrate depletion therapy and alternative therapeutic approaches migalastat, and techniques involving stem cells, genes and mRNA, are also being used to prolong the lives of affected individuals. The impact of certain plant constituents, like curcumin revealed that it improves AGAL activity in 80 % of scrutinized mutant genotypes. The degree of enhancement varied from 1.4 to 2.2-folds increase depending on the specific mutation. Additionally, the Nicotiana benthamiana plant has potential to produce therapeutic enzymes. Moreover, Nicotiana tabacum plant cells successfully manufactured a PEGylated form of human-GAL enzyme for the management or therapeutic intervention for Fabry disease and Curcumin's pleiotropic effects are associated with its modulation of various pathways, including, ERK5, Akt, mTOR, Notch-1, AP-1, TGF-, Wnt, catenin, PPAR, Shh, PAK1, Rac1, STAT3, EBP, NLRP3, p38MAPK, Nrf2, inflammasome, AMPK, TLR-4, and MyD-88 PI3K and it modulates autophagy and ER stress.


July, 2023  Volume (59 - 2)
Anti-inflammatory function, antioxidant activity, apolipoprotein-E, apolipoprotein-E mimetic peptides, neurological disorders, neurological disorders therapy, neuroprotection, pharmacological candidates, potential therapeutic approach, therapeutic peptides.
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Emerging therapeutic role of apolipoprotein-E Mimetic peptides in neurological disorders
  • Pages - 251-264
  • T. Singh, A. Mazumder, V. Prabhakar and A. Kanda
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  • View Abstract  Neurological disorders are the primary global causes of fatality and disability. The development of treatments to prevent the disease from progressing (disease-modifying therapy) is now needed in neuroscience drug research. The primary obstacle in the development of such neurological treatments is the impermeability of drugs to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which affects the innovation of effective treatments for neurological diseases. Since the development of insulin in 1920s to treat patients with Diabetes mellitus, there is much focus to produce therapeutic peptides and proteins to treat numerous disorders, including neuronal diseases. Recent researches showed the therapeutic efficacy of apolipoprotein-E mimetic peptides (ApoE-mimetic peptides) in neurological disorders. In the brain, the major apolipoprotein is apolipoprotein-E (ApoE) which is produced by astrocytes. ApoE is essential for numerous physiological processes (lipid metabolism and transport, neuronal development, remyelination and regeneration of nerves). ApoE may be an excellent potential candidate to manage neurological disorders. As ApoE polypeptide is large in size, it cannot pass through the BBB. To solve this problem, small peptides that imitate the action of the original ApoE protein/peptide have been created. These small peptides are called ApoE-mimetic peptides. There are several ApoE-mimetic peptides, produced for various neurological disorders. Thus, in this review, we emphasize the therapeutic role of several ApoE-mimetic peptides in various neurological diseases.


July, 2023  Volume (59 - 2)
Cardiomyopathy, Myocardial Inflation, Pathophysiology, Pharmacological Intervention.
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Prescription for a Strong Heart: Evaluating pharmacological therapies in cardiomyopathy
  • Pages - 265-276
  • Madhurima, Avijit Mazumder, Ananya Pandey and Adarsh Gaur
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Cardiomyopathy causes harm to the myocardial tissue, compromising cardiac performance. It causes heart failure, where the heart fails to adequately pump blood to meet the body's needs. Cardiomyopathy involves both electrical and anatomical abnormalities in the heart muscle and presents as a cluster of disorders that gradually progress to severe heart failure, increasing the risk of mortality. There are two forms of cardiomyopathies: primary (hereditary, mixed, or acquired) and secondary (infiltration, toxicity, or inflammation). Among the primary cardiomyopathies, four types are recognized: arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and restricted cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy typically develops slowly without symptoms, but signs such as fatigue, coughing, orthopnea and edema may appear. Diagnosis involves assessing B-type natriuretic peptide levels, serum chemistries, electrocardiography and echocardiography. Treatment for cardiomyopathy includes lifestyle adjustments, pharmacological interventions and surgical interventions, depending on the underlying cause. Elevated blood pressure-related cardiomyopathy may necessitate lifestyle changes and antihypertensive medications. In cases where genetic abnormalities contribute to the condition, medications may be prescribed to manage symptoms or slow down disease progression. Severe cases may require surgical interventions such as pacemaker implantation, implanted cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs), left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), or even a heart transplant in certain circumstances. Early detection and treatment of cardiomyopathy are crucial to prevent complications and improve overall prognosis.


September, 2023  Volume (60 - 1)
Allelopathy, allelochemicals, anticancer, anti-diabetics, anti-microbial, micro-organisms, natural products, plants.
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Allelopathy Research: Past, Present and Future Part III. Allelochemicals used as pharmaceuticals
  • Pages - 12-Jan
  • Chang-Hung Chou and Chao-Min Wang
  • View 
  • View Abstract 

    Molisch in 1937 coined Allelopathy from two Greek words, ‘allelo’ (means two organisms) and ‘pathos’ (means harm). The term defined as plant released metabolites into environment through ecological processes (volatilization, leaching, root exudation and decomposition of plant debris in soil), resulting in detrimental effects on understory or neighboring plants sharing the same habitat. This essay aimed to describe the allelopathy researches in the past, present and future, dealing with the allelopathy in natural and managed ecosystems and the allelochemicals in biomedical researches. It has 3-parts: Part I. Role of allelopathy in natural ecosystems, Part II. Allelopathy in managed ecosystems (Role in agroecology and sustainable agriculture) and Part III. Isolation and identification of allelochemicals, which exhibit bioactivities (anti-microbial, anti-hepatitis, anti-cancers and anti-diabetes to be potentially used to cure human diseases. For example, many natural products, such as flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids isolated from Rhododendron and Alstonia, exhibited anti-microbial activity against several microorganisms (Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae). The allelochemicals, ursolic acid, betulinic acid, botulin and 2,3,28-lup-20(29)-ene-triol isolated from A. scholaris, showed the proliferative activity of non-small-cell-lung cancer (NSCLC). The ursolic acid isolated from R. formosanum also showed pronounced growth inhibition of NSCLC, in addition, cinnamtannin D1 also exhibited anti-cancer efficacy that induced G1 arrest and autophagy via the mTOR pathway inhibition and ERK 1/2 pathway activation. Several Solanum species are traditionally used to treat HBV infection. In Cucurbitace family, fruits and stems of Momordica charantia (called bitter melon) possess anti-diabetic and anti-lipedemic compounds. This essay also describes the mode of actions of the aforementioned allelochemicals in the metabolomic pathway of anticancer or antimicrobial activities. The authors create a new scientific term called “Allelochemicology”, which hopefully, inspires young scientists in life sciences to explore this field, to solve the most difficult tasks on ecology, sustainable agriculture, pharmaceutical and medicine that can be beneficial to human beings for reaching the Sustainable Development Goals.


September, 2023  Volume (60 - 1)
Active ingredient, allelopathic effects, American ginseng biological activities, ginseng, ginseng spp., ginsenosides, medicinal plant, notoginseng, Panax ginseng, P. quinquefolium, P. notoginseng, replanting problem.
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Allelopathic Medicinal Plants: 2. Ginseng (Panax) species
  • Pages - 13-36
  • K.M. Zhang, Y.X. Guo, Z.L. Zhang and N. Amist
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  • View Abstract  Of the 12 ginseng medicinal species, only 3 spp. (Panax ginseng, P. quinquefolium and P. notoginseng) are important, due to their biological activities, hence, widely used worldwide. These are used for cardiovascular protection, immunomodulatory ability, antioxidants, antitumor, cholesterol lowering and anti-inflammatory activities. Hence, these are used in various products (food, health-food, daily necessities, cosmetics etc.). However, ginseng cultivation causes problems of replanting due to its allelopathic effects. This review provides a comprehensive insight of allelopathic ginseng plant and analyzes the allelopathic effects on soil diseases and soil microorganisms. More in-depth research is needed to reveal the mechanism of ginseng allelopathy.


September, 2023  Volume (60 - 1)
Allelochemicals, decomposition products, GCMS, Glycine max, radicle elongation, seed germination, soil sickness, soybean residues
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Soybean (Glycine max L) soil sickness: Identification of allelochemicals in its decomposing residues
  • Pages - 37-44
  • Yuan-Yong Gong and Fei Yan
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  • View Abstract  We studied the soybean seed germination and radicle elongation bioassays with chemical analysis to isolate and identify the inhibitors in water extracts from decomposing soybean residues. Using GCMS, we identified 12- Compounds (Phenol 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl), 1-Hexadecene, 1-Octadecene, 1-Octadecene, 9-Hexadecenoic acid, methyl ester, 8-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, 1-Docosene, Cyclotetracosane, Octadecanoic acid, methyl ester, Octadecanoic acid, butyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid, and butyl ester) in these decaying soybean residues. These results showed that the decaying soybean plant residues released allelochemicals into the soil, which were inhibitory to the seed germination of soybean. Thus, soybean plant residues played an important role in the problem of soybean continuous monocropping.


September, 2023  Volume (60 - 1)
Allelochemicals, aqueous two-phase system, ß-carotene, carotenoids, Ipomoea batata L., response surface methodology, sweet potato roots.
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Optimization of ultrasound-assisted aqueous 2-phase extraction system of carotenoid-allelochemicals from sweet potato roots by response surface methodology
  • Pages - 45-56
  • Yi Kuang, Xiating Shen, Diego A. Sampietro and Shengxiang Yang
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Orange sweet potato (Ipomoea batata L., Convolvulaceae) roots are an attractive source of ß-carotene and other carotenoids. These compounds (allelochemicals) are used in the pharmaceutical, medicinal and food industries. In this study, the extraction of carotenoid-allelochemicals from roots of orange sweet potato cultivar ‘pushu 32’ was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM) in aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) based on polymer/salt mixtures. Preliminary tests yielded higher contents of carotenoids in ATPS, based on sodium sulfate-PEG than on ammonium sulfate-PEG. Hence the effects of PEG-4000 concentration, sodium sulfate concentration, liquid-to-solid ratio and ultrasonic time were further investigated on carotenoids yield in single factor experiments. Four factors were used in a 3-level Box-Behnken design (BBD) of response surface model (RSM) to find the best conditions for carotenoid yield. Optimum carotenoids yield was obtained with 35.96 % (w/w) PEG-4000; 15.40 % (w/w) sodium sulfate; an ultrasonic time applied for 31.84 min and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 25.96:1 (v/w). Under these conditions, carotenoids yield was 0.594 mg/g which was very close to the predicted value (0.597 mg/g). The new proposed extraction method is promising for higher recovery of carotenoids from roots of orange sweet potatoes.


September, 2023  Volume (60 - 1)
Ageratum conyzoides, Amaranthus spinosus, billygoat weed, column chromotograplhy, GCMS, herbicidal, n-hexane, pot culture, precocene II, subfraction.
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Herbicidal activity of n-hexane billygoat weed (Ageratum conyzoides L.) extracts on Amaranthus spinosus L.
  • Pages - 57-66
  • G. Erida, N. Saidi, Rosmaiti, Rahmaddiansyah, E. Nurahmi and Jumini
  • View 
  • View Abstract  We tested Ageratum conyzoides L. n-hexane leaf extract fractions for their ability to inhibit the growth of Amaranthus spinosus L. The column chromatography was used to separate the n-hexane extract into its three subfractions, A, B and C. In pot culture, these subfractions were applied to A. spinosus at 2 %, 4 %, 6 %, 8 % and 10 % concentrations. The herbicide (2,4-D at 0.686 kg a.i. ha-1) and distilled water were positive and negative controls, respectively. The subfractions showed phytotoxic activity 7-days after application. All subfraction had promising herbicidal effects on A. spinosus i.e. suppressed its growth. Seven day after aplication (DAA) subfraction A supressed growth at 8 % concentrations or higher, subfraction B suppressed at 2 % concentration or higher and subfraction C at 4 % concentration or higher. The subfraction B, had the fastest effect on A. conyzoides at 2 % concentration followed by subfraction C at 4 % and subfraction A at 8 %. GC-MS detected the presence of compounds in Subfraction A : 2h-1-benzopyran, 6,7-dimethoxy-2,2- dimethyl (13.85 %), caryophyllene oxide (12.69 %), caryophyllene (12.20 %), precocene I (9.15 %), phytol (3.57 %), squalene (3.04 %). Subfraction B: 2h-1-benzopyran, 6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl (25.60 %), caryophyllene (11.13 %), caryophyllene oxide (6.19 %), precocene I (5.93 %), squalen (5.77 %) and subfraction C: 2h-1-benzopyran, 6,7-dimethoxy-2,2-dimethyl (36.48 %), precocene I (2.27 %), caryophyllene (2.20 %), caryophyllene oxide (2.14 %).


September, 2023  Volume (60 - 1)
Allelopathy, authorship pattern, bibliometrics, China, citation analysis, research trends, scopus.
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Bibliometric Analysis of Allelopathy Journal
  • Pages - 69-82
  • Kuldeep Singh, Amit Kumar, Mohit and Anil Kumar Siwach
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  • View Abstract  Allelopathy Journal is the official publication of ‘Allelopathy Books’ that promotes allelopathy research and publish researches related to plant sciences and health sciences. This study aimed to present an insight about the researches published in this journal, to help the Authors, Readers and Editorial team to understand the journal in depth. We analyzed the scholarly publications published in the Allelopathy Journal, their Citations, focussing on other aspects such as Publication output, Citation analysis, Co-authorship patterns, Collaboration networks, Research productivity, Research topics and International collaboration. This study is useful to identify emerging trends and evaluate research impact. The data for the study was extracted from the Scopus Database for the period from 1996 to 2022. The results showed that the journal has published 1209 papers during this period, which received 9826 citations with an average of 8.13 citations per paper. F.Z. Wu was the most prolific author with 22 papers receiving 127 citations and Prof. S.S. Narwal, with second highest papers in the journal, received the highest number of citations (242). China was the most productive country with 425 papers in the journal, followed by India (243 papers). The Chinese Academy of Sciences was the most productive institute in the journal and published 67 papers with 678 citations. A total of 4870 authors have appeared in 1209 papers with 0.91 degree of collaboration and a collaboration index of 4.03. Thematic maps indicated that the topics represented by keywords such as "Distribution", "Habitat", "Essential Oil", “Lettuce", "Morphology," have potential importance for future research.


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