Archives - Allelopathy Journal

Page 20 of 48

1.3
2024CiteScore
 
30th percentile
Powered by  Scopus

ARCHIVES Subscription: The Online Access to Archives is of two types:

(i) Paid Access: Annual Personal/Institutional Rates for Current Year are Euro 400.00/700.00 per calendar year. It provides access to Archives (all volumes of Allelopathy Journal) + access to the Current Year Journal.

(ii) Free Online Access: It is partly Open Access. Volumes 1-66 (1994-2025), except the Current Year, are available.

PDF Current Year: Euro 20.00 per Article PDF.

Showing 1553 articles

April, 2014  Volume (33 - 2)
Antioxidant defense, Brachiaria decumbens, Convolvulaceae, Ipomoea cordifolia, Microlobius foetida, mimosoidae, volatile oils, volatilization.
Article image
Sensitivity of Brachiaria decumbens and Ipomoea cordifolia to cyclic polysulfides from leaves of Microlobius foetida
  • Pages - 213-225
  • C.B. DA SILVA, E. SIMIONATTO, S. S. GEBARA, N. RÉ- POPPI, K.S.RECH, M. T. L. P. PERES, G.O. SANTOS, J. F. G. DIAS, S. M. W. ZANIN, O. G. MIGUEL and M. D. MIGUEL.
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Volatile oils from leaves of Microlobius foetidus subsp. paraguensis (Benth.) M. Sousa & G. Andrade, a native and predominant species of cerrado regions of Pantanal and chaco regions of Porto Murtinho, were investigated by hydrodistillation (HD). In laboratory bioassays, the actions 6-concentrations of volatile oils (0%, 0.35%, 0.65%, 1.25%, 2.5% and 5.0%) were studied on the antioxidant defense system of Ipomoea cordifolia. The evaluation methods allowed the identification of 9-compounds (1,2,4-trithiolane, E-1,2,4-trithiolane-3,5-dimethyl, Z-1,2,4-trithiolane-3,5-dimethyl, 1,3,5-trithiane, 1,2,4,5-tetrathiane, 1,2,4,6-tetrathiepane, 1,2,4,5,7-pentathiocane, 1,3,5,7,9-pentathiecane and 1,2,5,6-tetrathiocane) by the HD method and the substance 1,2,4-Trithiolane was the major constituent of volatile oils. The evaluated concentrations inhibited the growth of I. cordifolia seedlings and the effects were related to an increase in the concentration of the enzymes related to antioxidant defense system. It appeared that the actions of volatile oils were due to the oxidative stress.


April, 2014  Volume (33 - 2)
Allelopathy, allelochemicals, buckwheat, Cannabis sativa L., caraway, cereal monoculture, common vetch, couch grass, crop interference, faba bean, hemp, interference, root exudates, sustainability, Vicia faba L., Vicia sativa L., weed management, white lupin
Article image
Interference potential of buckwheat, fababean, oilseed hemp, vetch, white lupine and caraway to controlcouch grass weed
  • Pages - 227-235
  • LING ZOU, ARJA SANTANEN, BERIT TEIN, FREDERICK L. STODDARD and PIRJO S. A. MÄKELA
  • View 
  • View Abstract  We evaluated the weed suppressive abilities of 6-dicotyledonous crops [buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum L), caraway (Carum carvi L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), oilseed hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and white lupine (Lupinus albus L.)] in glasshouse and field experiments. In glasshouse experiment, incorporation of active charcoal between the crop and couch grass (Elymus repens L.) greatly reduced the inhibitory effects of buckwheat, suggesting that its allelochemicals were inhibiting the couch grass growth. Caraway and common vetch were not included in the field experiment because of their slow growth rate and formation of weed-suppressive structures in the glasshouse experiment. Then white lupin, oilseed hemp, faba bean and buckwheat were tested to investigate their weed-suppressive ability in field. Buckwheat quickly attained weed-suppressive factors [(high leaf area index (LAI) and weed-inhibitory effects of root exudates) and resulted in the lowest weed dry mass. The indeterminate growth of white lupin was important factor in its weed-suppressive ability. The most important criterion in selecting crops for weed management was the fast growth rate to form weed suppressive canopy. Rapid development of high LAI and early involvement of allelochemicals made buckwheat an ideal crop rotation for weed management. Chemicals and modes of action of buckwheat root exudates need to be revealed in future to assist in developing new herbicides.


April, 2014  Volume (33 - 2)
Alkaloids, Ariadne merione, castor, feeding modes, Liriomyza trifolli, mechanical damage, ricinine, Ricininus communis, Spodoptera litura
Article image
Herbivore feeding stress on castor plants: Effects of different feeding modes on leaf alkaloids content
  • Pages - 237-244
  • PATHIPATI USHA RANI
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Feeding by three pests, Spodoptera litura, Ariadne merione and Liriomyza trifolli changed the contents of total alkaloids and specific alkaloid ricinine in the leaves of castor (Ricinus Communis L.) plants. The mechanical damage of the plant also produced major changes in the plant’s responses and in alkaloids content. The composition of total alkaloids content was affected due to feeding modes of different pests and mechanical damage. Quantitative determination of ricinine alkaloid by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) showed that alkaloid ricinine was enhanced in plants by pests and mechanical damage.


April, 2014  Volume (33 - 2)
Allelopathic activity, Amaranthus retroflexus, antifeeding activity, bioassay, Crassocephalum crepidioides, Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crusgalli, essential oils.
Article image
Allelopathic potential and antifeeding activity of Crassocephalum crepidioides against native plants and Spodoptera litura
  • Pages - 245-253
  • RUILONG WANG, ZIHAO ZHENG, GUOQING WANG and XUHUI KONG
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Crassocephalum crepidioides is a new invasive plant in China. Bioassays were conducted with aqueous leachates of its fresh leaves to evaluate its suppressive activity against seedling growth of Amaranthus retroflexus, Echinochloa crusgalli and Digitaria sanguinalis. Aqueous leachates from fresh leaves at 0.25 gmL-1 and the soil irrigated with aqueous extracts of C. crepidioides litters 0.025 gmL-1 significantly inhibited the seedling growth of all three tested weed plants (Amaranthus retroflexus L., Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv. and Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop). The essential oils were analysed by GC-MS. The dominant constituents of the essential oils were -myrcene (27.4%), -pinene (26.2%), germacrene D (5.81%), 1, 6, 10-pentadecatriene (5.54%) and -caryophyllene (4.68%). In laboratory the antifeeding activity of C. crepidioides leaf extract and essential oils were evaluated against the third-instar larvae of Spodoptera litura. The leaf extract and essential oils of C. crepidioides at 4-concentrations (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10% and 0.625, 1.25, 2.5 and 5%, respectively) significantly reduced the leaf damage done by S. litura. The feeding deterrence during 48 h measured after treatment with leaf extract and essential oils at these concentrations ranged from 7.96 to 60.52% and 13.83 to 65.47%, respectively. Both laboratory and pot culture experiments showed the possibility of using allelopathic potential and insecticidal activity of this plant for sustainable pest management.


April, 2014  Volume (33 - 2)
Allelochemicals, Aulacophora foveicollis, flower, Free fatty acids, Momordica cochinchinensis, Y-tube olfactometer bioassay.
Article image
Long-chain free fatty acids from Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng flowers as allelochemical influencing the attraction of Aulacophora foveicollis Lucas (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
  • Pages - 255-266
  • A. MUKHERJEE and A. BARIK
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Extraction, thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng (Cucurbitaceae) flowers revealed 13 free fatty acids, and a single flower indicated presence of 364.70 ± 0.04 µg free fatty acids. Myristic and tridecanoic acids were the predominant and least abundant free fatty acids, representing for 97.38 ± 0.76 and 4.86 ± 0.01 µg in a single flower, respectively. The free fatty acids from flowers at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 µg concentrations and synthetic blends of fatty acids mimicking different concentrations of flower free fatty acids elicited attraction of female Aulacophora foveicollis Lucas (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) between 1-10 µg concentrations in Y-shaped glass tube olfactometer bioassay under laboratory condition. The individual synthetic fatty acids mimicking the proportions of fatty acids detected in flowers at different concentrations were also evaluated. Individual synthetic myristic, palmitoleic, - linolenic, and nonadecanoic acids at the minimal amounts of 2.67, 0.56, 0.11, and 0.99 µg, respectively, elicited attraction of the insect. A synthetic blend of 1.60, 0.56, 0.17, and 0.59 µg of myristic, palmitoleic, -linolenic, and nonadecanoic acids, respectively, was most attractive to the insect, and hence, this combination might be used for insect pest management programme such as baited traps.


April, 2014  Volume (33 - 2)
Allelochemicals, Aulacophora foveicollis, flower, Free fatty acids, Momordica cochinchinensis, Y-tube olfactometer bioassay.
Article image
Long-chain free fatty acids from Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng flowers as allelochemical influencing the attraction of Aulacophora foveicollis Lucas (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
  • Pages - 255-266
  • A. MUKHERJEE and A. BARIK
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Extraction, thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of Momordica cochinchinensis Spreng (Cucurbitaceae) flowers revealed 13 free fatty acids, and a single flower indicated presence of 364.70 ± 0.04 µg free fatty acids. Myristic and tridecanoic acids were the predominant and least abundant free fatty acids, representing for 97.38 ± 0.76 and 4.86 ± 0.01 µg in a single flower, respectively. The free fatty acids from flowers at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 µg concentrations and synthetic blends of fatty acids mimicking different concentrations of flower free fatty acids elicited attraction of female Aulacophora foveicollis Lucas (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) between 1-10 µg concentrations in Y-shaped glass tube olfactometer bioassay under laboratory condition. The individual synthetic fatty acids mimicking the proportions of fatty acids detected in flowers at different concentrations were also evaluated. Individual synthetic myristic, palmitoleic, - linolenic, and nonadecanoic acids at the minimal amounts of 2.67, 0.56, 0.11, and 0.99 µg, respectively, elicited attraction of the insect. A synthetic blend of 1.60, 0.56, 0.17, and 0.59 µg of myristic, palmitoleic, -linolenic, and nonadecanoic acids, respectively, was most attractive to the insect, and hence, this combination might be used for insect pest management programme such as baited traps.


April, 2014  Volume (33 - 2)
Allelopathy, Brassica napus, germination, H. mantegazzianum, phenolics, rapeseed, ryegrass, Ryegrass perenne
Article image
Phytotoxicity and accumulation of secondary metabolites in Heracleum mantegazzianum (Apiaceae)
  • Pages - 267-275
  • L. BALEZENTIENE and M. RENCO
  • View 
  • View Abstract  The phytotoxic effects and total phenols content (TPC) of H. mantegazzianum was tested on perennial ryegrass (Ryegrass perenne) and winter rapeseed (Brassica napus) seed germination to find their response ex situ. H. mantegazzianum leachates inhibited the germination. The seeds of oil rapeseed germination was 82% in lowest concentration (0.02% w/v) and 0% in most concentrated leachates (0.2% w/v). Nonetheless, the 0.02% leachates of leaf and seed stimulated the ryegrass germination by 17 and 2% over the control, respectively. The TPC varied depending on the hogweed parts and leachate concentration. At 0.2% leachate concentration, the highest content of phenolic compounds accumulated in leaf (89.16 mg mL-1) and seed (67.54 mg mL-1), possibly due to intensive conversion of synthesized materials in these hogweed parts.


April, 2014  Volume (33 - 2)
Allelochemicals localization, allelopathathy, bioautography, identification, kobusin, quercetin-3-O-, -rhamnopyranoside, sesamin, Virola sebifera.
Article image
Bioautography as a search tool to identify the allelopathic compounds in Virola sebifera
  • Pages - 277-288
  • F. M. P. TONELLI, J. M. DE SIQUEIRA, G. A. S. MAIA, L. F. SOARES, D. B. DA SILVA, C. A. CAROLLO and A. L. B. SARTORI
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Using bioautography, phytotoxic compounds in hydromethanolic leaf extracts of Virola sebifera were identified. It was possible to identify the allelochemicals such as sesamin, kobusin and quercetrin in hexane and ethyl acetate fractions of the leaves. The results were similar to those obtained through traditional methods of extraction and fractionation such as preparative TLC and column chromatography. Thus bioautography can be an inexpensive, quick and reliable method to identify the allelochemicals in plants.


July, 2014  Volume (34 - 1)
Biogenic amines, dopamine, Equisetum arvense, glyoxylic acid, histamine, luminescence microscopy, microspectrofluorimetry, ortho-phthalic aldehyde, pollen, spectral analysis, Urtica dioica, vegetative microspores
Article image
Neurotransmitters catecholamines and histamine in allelopathy: Plant cells as models in fluorescence microscopy
  • Pages - 16-Jan
  • V.V. ROSHCHINA* and V.A. YASHIN
  • View 
  • View Abstract 

    Occurrence of biogenic amines known as neurotransmitters - catecholamines and histamine - in plant cells and their influence on growth play major role in allelopathy. The presence and localization of these compounds in secretions and within plant cells has been studied on model cells [vegetative microspores, pollens and leaf stinging hairs] by fluorescent methods using special molecular probes viz., glyoxylic acid (reagent of catecholamines) and ortho-phthalic aldehyde (reagent of histamine). The vegetative microspores of horsetail Equisetum arvense, pollens from 25 species and the stinging hairs on stems and leaves of Urtica dioica L. were used as specimen. The cells and their secretions may fluoresce in blue-green (maximum 475-485 nm) after staining with glyoxylic acid or in blue (maxima 430-450 nm and sometimes in green-yellow without new maxima) after the treatment with ortho-phthalic aldehyde when excited in UV-light 360 nm. The reagents penetrated into the cells and stained DNA-containing organelles such as nuclei and chloroplasts. The amount of biogenic amines in emission of individual cell was also determined. Microspores (vegetative microspores of E. arvense and pollen of Hippeastrum hybridum) as unicellular models were sensitive to dopamine, histamine as well as to their antagonists.


July, 2014  Volume (34 - 1)
Allelopathic effect, decomposition, Eucalyptus grandis, leaf litter, Setaria viridis
Article image
Allelopathic effects of decomposing Eucalyptus grandis leaf litter on growth and physiology of Setaria viridis
  • Pages - 17-32
  • YIQIAO LI, TINGXING HU *, FANMING ZENG, HONG CHEN and XIUHUA WU
  • View 
  • View Abstract  The allelopathic effects of decomposing leaf litter of E. grandis were studied on the growth, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant enzymes of S. viridis. Growth of S. viridis was significantly inhibited in the presence of decomposing. grandis leaf litter and application of nitrogen did not overcome the inhibition. Photosynthetic pigments in S. viridis leaves were significantly decreased when exposed to allelopathic substances. The activities of antioxidant enzymes decreased with the increase in malonaldehyde content in leaves of S. viridis treated with decomposing leaf litter of E. grandis, especially in the early stage of leaf litter decomposition. This suggested the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damage to membrane lipids. Thus, failure to quench excessive ROS affected the growth of S. viridis. By GC-MS analyses, a total of 33 potential allelopathic compounds were detected in naturally decomposing E. grandis leaf litter. Of these compounds, terpenes were the major allelochemicals identified. The decomposing leaf litter of E. grandis had strong allelopathic effects on the growth of S. viridis.


July, 2014  Volume (34 - 1)
Allelopathic effect, blue gum, decomposition, eucalyptus, Eucalyptus maidenii, flowering traits, growth, leaf litter, physiological responses, spinach, Spinacia oleracea.
Article image
Growth and developmental responses of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) to the decomposing leaf litter of blue gum (Eucalyptus maidenii F. Muell.)
  • Pages - 33-48
  • H. CHEN, H-L. HU, T-X. HU, Q. WANG, X-H. WU1, L-H. TU and F-M. ZENG
  • View 
  • View Abstract  We investigated the allelopathic effects of decomposing leaf litter of blue gum (Eucalyptus maidenii F. Muell.) on the growth and development of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify and compare volatile compounds in the original leaf litter and decomposed leaf litter. No significant differences were observed in leaf number of spinach between random leaf litter treatment and the control at vegetative stage (p > 0.05). However in reproductive stage, the responses of two sexual types were different to leaf litter decomposition in terms of some morphological, physiological and phenological traits. The sex ratio (F/M) was increased by 60 g but reduced by 120 g leaf litter for both years. Seventy-nine volatile compounds were identified from the original leaf litter sample and after 4-months of decomposition, the volatile compounds decreased sharply in diversity and absolute peak area. Of the majority of 52 terpenes, -pinene, aromadendrene, eucalyptol and eudesmol were optimal caused the allelopathic effects.


July, 2014  Volume (34 - 1)
Herbivory, inducible resistance, phenolic compounds, Populus euphratica, soil water content.
Article image
Effects of herbivory and defoliation on foliar phenolic compounds in Populus euphratica in the Ejina Oasis, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Pages - 49-58
  • S. ZHAO, J. LI, Y. WANG, C.L. CHENG and J.Q. LI
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Populus euphratica is the only tree species that survives and forms forests in the deserts of western China. It plays a major role in stabilizing the local ecosystems. This study aimed to investigate the changes in levels of phenolic compounds in P. euphratica associated with herbivory, defoliation and soil moisture. The concentration of phenolic compounds in damaged leaves was significantly higher than in healthy leaves and was positively related to the extent of damage. Defoliation did not affect the concentration of phenolic compounds in regrowth leaves. The condensed tannin contents in healthy and damaged leaves were positively related to soil water content. These results suggested that P. euphratica uses the nutrients for regrowth and quickly induces the resistance in environment with scarce resources.


July, 2014  Volume (34 - 1)
Antifungal activity, antimicrobial activity, ethanolic extracts, phytochemical profiles, Potentilla fruticosa, RP-HPLC
Article image
Potentilla fruticosa extracts as antimicrobials in post-harvest storage of fruits
  • Pages - 59-70
  • W. J. PU, D.W. LI* and D. M. WANG
  • View 
  • View Abstract  The antimicrobial activities (in vitro and in vivo) and phytochemical composition of ethanolic extracts of different parts of Potentilla fruticosa were examined. In in vitro testing of ethanolic extracts for antimicrobial activities showed that extracts of all parts exhibited significant antifungal and antibacterial activities, with the EC50 value ranging from 0.61 to 6.00 mg/mL and the MIC and MBC value ranging from 1.25 to 5.00 mg/mL and 5.00 to 20.00 mg/mL, respectively. While in vivo antifungal assays, all extracts showed higher antifungal activity than three synthetic fungicides, with the leaves extracts being the best. The leaves extracts had the highest content of total phenolics (6.92 %), tannins (8.04 %) and rutin (0.46%), while the flowers extracts had the highest content of total flavonoids (7.48 %). The RP-HPLC analysis of the ethanolic extracts showed that the leaves had 14 major components. These results suggest that leaves of P. fruticosa can serve as source to produce the microbiocide for use in post-harvest storage of fruits.


July, 2014  Volume (34 - 1)
Allelopathic bacteria, allelopathy, continuous cropping, cyclo (Pro-Tyr), Enterobacter amnigenus, herbicidal activity, medicinal plants, phytotoxicity, Rehmannia glutinosa, replant problem, soil bacteria, soil sickness
Article image
Enterobacter amnigenus W5: A potential causal agent for Rehmannia glutinosa replant problem
  • Pages - 71-80
  • Y.Q. BU, Y.R. XUE, L.S. GAN, C.H. LIU and Z.J. SHAN (China)
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch is an important medicinal plant. However, its production is threatened by soil sickness in continuous cropping. In this study, we isolated a soil bacterium Enterobacter amnigenus W5 from an R. glutinosa replant field. It was identified based on physiological and biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The culture broth and filtrate of strain W5 showed strong phytotoxic effects on R. glutinosa leaves and roots. One phytotoxic compound, cyclo (Pro-Tyr) was extracted from the culture broth of strain W5. The compound proved toxic to Oxalis corniculata, Malachium aquaticum and R. glutinosa, at 0.05 µg/mL, 5.00 µg/mL and 0.50 µg/mL concentrations, respectively. Moreover, the composition of the tuberous roots of R. glutinosa promoted the growth of strain W5 in a dose-dependent manner in in-vitro test. These results suggested that E. amnigenus W5 with a narrow phytotoxic spectrum, secreted phytotoxic chemical cyclo (Pro-Tyr), which probably is the cause problem in long-term continuous cultivation of R. glutinosa. The methods targeting this bacterium or the phytotoxic compound could be used to control the long term replant problem of R. glutinosa.


July, 2014  Volume (34 - 1)
Allelopathy, aqueous extracts, bioassay, Canary grass, Carum carvi L., essential oils, flax, flavonoids, Linum usitatissimum, maize, Phalaris canariensis, phenols, radical elongation, seed germination, Triticum aestivum, wheat, Zea mays,
Article image
Allelopathic effects of Carum carvi L. essential oil on germination and seedling growth of wheat, maize, flax and canary grass
  • Pages - 81-94
  • A. MARICHALI*, K. HOSNI1, S. DALLALI, S. OUERGHEMMI, H. BEL HADJ LTAIEF, S. BENZARTI, A. KERKENI and H. SEBEI
  • View 
  • View Abstract  The essential oils of seeds of Carum carvi was obtained by hydrodistillation with 0.74% yield on a dry weight basis. Thirty nine components were identified by GC- FID analyses. The main essential oil constituents were carvone (71.08%) and limonene (25.42%). The seed essential oil and the aqueous leaf extract of caraway were tested for their allelopathic activity in-vitro on seed germination and radicle growth. The essential oil and some of its minor constituents were effective and dose-dependent inhibitors of both germination and radicle growth. The germination and radicle growth of canary grass and wheat were most sensitive. The volatile oil > 10µl/ml concentrations completely inhibited the germination and radicle elongation of canary grass. We assessed the inhibitory effect of extract at different concentrations on germination and radicle elongation of wheat, maize, flax and canary grass. The germination of canary grass and wheat was significantly decreased at 6.5g/100 ml. All concentrations of extract sreduced the radicle elongation of flax. The total phenolics content was 6.42 to 11.21 mg/g in dry weight of extract, expressed as gallic acid equivalents. The total flavonoids were 2.14 to 1.89 mg/g, expressed as quercetin equivalents. Methanolic extract of C. carvi showed the highest phenolic and flavonoid concentration.


July, 2014  Volume (34 - 1)
Allelopathy, essential oils, polyphenols, radicle growth, seed germination, Verbena officinalis, Verbena supina.
Article image
Phytotoxic effects of volatile oil from Verbena spp. on the germination and radicle growth of wheat, maize, linseed and canary grass and phenolic content of aerial parts
  • Pages - 95-106
  • S. DALLALI*, I. LAHMAYER, R. MOKNI1, A. MARICHALI, S. OUERGHEMMI, H. BEL HADJ LTAIEF and H. SEBEI.
  • View 
  • View Abstract  The volatile constituents and antioxidant activity of aerial parts of vervain (Verbena officinalis L.) and Verbena supina L. 3-Chemotypes from 3-sites (Chenes, Beja, Fernena ) were investigated. Essential oils showed inter-and intra-specific variabilities due to 3-chemotypes [(i). V. officinalis from Chenes site (mintsulfide16.27%, 2-phenylethanol 14.61%), (ii). V officinalis from Beja site (12.37% para cymenene, 9.352% of -pinene) and (iii). V. supine from Fernena site, undecane (23.97%) and (E)-4, 8-Dimethyl-1, 3, 7-nonatriene (21.52%)] The effects of essential oil of V. officinalis and V. supina were studied on seed germination and radicle elongation of wheat, maize, linseed and canary grass . The phytototoxic effects were more pronounced on the weed species. The inhibitory effect was more on root growth and was concentration dependent. wheatwas most sensitive and its germination was completely inhibited even at 100 µl/ml. Total phenols showed no significant variability between the species. Flavonoids were obtained with values of 23.24, 18.39 and 19.10 mgQE/gDW in V. officinalis (Chenes site), V. officinalis (Beja site) and V. supina, respectively. The antioxidant activity of extracts of different samples was evaluated through four extracts. The water and methanol fractions showed interesting antioxidant activity. It was noted during this test that V. officinalis (Chenes) has the greatest reducing power. Allelochemicals of these plants can be exploited as source of natural weedicide to control invasive weed species.


July, 2014  Volume (34 - 1)
Allelopathic effect, essential oils, fruits, germination, root development, Schinus terebinthifolius, wheat, Triticum durum.
Article image
Allelopathic effects of Brazilian pepper fruit essential oils on wheat
  • Pages - 107-116
  • S. OUERGHEMMI, J. ROMDHANE, S. DALLALI, A. MARICHALI, S. BENZARTI and H. SEBEÏ
  • View 
  • View Abstract  We extracted the essential oils of S. terebinthifolius fruits by hydrodistillation and evaluated their phytotoxic effects in vitro on germination and radicle growth of Triticum durum L. Chromatographic analysis showed the dominance of oxygenated monoterpenes of essential oils in Zaghouan (62.73%) and monoterpene hydrocarbons in Ariana 85.03%). -Pinene was major component detected in both populations. Seed germination of wheat was inhibited at 100 µl/ml concentration of essential oils and inhibition in germination was 97.3% for essential oils of Zaghouan and 87.8% for Ariana. The Radicle length of wheat was reduced 89.0% and 85.7% by essential oils of Zaghouan and Ariana regions, respectively. Application of essential oils < 50 µl/ml concentrations did not influence the seed germination and seedling growth of wheat.


July, 2014  Volume (34 - 1)
Allelopathic potential, Brassica oleracea, Chenopodium murale, germination index, growth, inhibition, lettuce, Lacuca sativa, red cabbage, seedlings growth, white cabbage,
Article image
Herbicidal and smothering potential of white cabbage and red cabbage on lettuce and Chenopodium murale L.
  • Pages - 117-132
  • I. SAAD, B. AL MOUHANDES-DRIDI and R. HAOUALA (Tunisia)
  • View 
  • View Abstract  We evaluated the allelopathic potential of white cabbage and red cabbage on seed germination and seedling growth of lettuce and Chenopodium murale. In Lab. bioassay, aqueous and organic extracts significantly delayed and reduced the germination and seedling growth of test plants. The reduction in germination and seedling growth was more at higher concentrations. The organic extracts of both white and red cabbage also inhibited the seedling growth of target species, especially the petroleum ether, chloroform and methanol fractions at 6 mg/ml. In pot culture, the soil incorporation of leaf residues of white and red cabbage decreased the root and shoot length of C. murale. Application of white and red cabbage aqueous extracts in soil also decreased the seedlings length of test plants. In field studies, white cabbage and red cabbage suppressed the weed biomass [73.29% and 66.37%], respectively, over control.


July, 2014  Volume (34 - 1)
Allelopathic compounds, antifungal activity, antimicrobial activity, biochemical defence, olive, Olea europea, pathogens
Article image
Olive antimicrobial activity against its pathogens in Tlemcen region, Algeria
  • Pages - 133-142
  • N. GAOUAR BENYELLES, F. ILIAS, C. BEGHDAD, M. GAOUAR and K. MEDJDOUB (Algeria)
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Using HPLC we investigated the allelopathic compounds in infected olives(Olea europaea) involved in defence against pathogens attack We detected the caffeic acid, verbascoside, oleuropein, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, rutin, apigenin 7-O-glucoside and luteolin 4’-O-glucoside. The olive extracts were antifungal agaist test fungi. Ethyl acetate and acetone extracts had wide range of antimicrobial activity.


July, 2014  Volume (34 - 1)
Antimicrobial activity, aqueous extract, brown alga, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, fungi, MRSA, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Scytalidium dimidiatum, Staphylococcus aureus, Zonaria tournefortii
Article image
Antibacterial and antifungal activities of brown alga Zonaria tournefortii (J.V. Lamouroux)
  • Pages - 143-154
  • A. ISMAIL, K. BEL HADJ SALAH, M. AHMED, M. MASTOURI, A. BOURAOUI and M. AOUNI
  • View 
  • View Abstract  The antibacterial and antifungal activities of brown alga (Zonaria tournefortii) against 4-pathogenic fungi [Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Scytalidium dimidiatum and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis] and several multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were investigated. Aqueous extract of fresh alga (Zonaria tournefortii) and the fractions (obtained after crude extract purification by flash chromatography using C18 column) were tested for antimicrobial activity. The Z. tournefortii aqueous extract was highly active against MRSA and two fungi Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. On fractionation, 6-fractions (F1-F6) of crude extract were obtained, and amongst them F2 and F3 were highly active against MRSA, and F2 had the strongest activity. Thus Z. tournefortii is promising candidate for antimicrobial agents especially against human and animal MRSA, C. albicans and C. neoformans.


July, 2014  Volume (34 - 1)
Antimicrobial activity, aqueous extract, brown alga, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, fungi, MRSA, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis, Scytalidium dimidiatum, Staphylococcus aureus, Zonaria tournefortii
Article image
Antibacterial and antifungal activities of brown alga Zonaria tournefortii (J.V. Lamouroux)
  • Pages - 143-154
  • A. ISMAIL, K. BEL HADJ SALAH, M. AHMED, M. MASTOURI, A. BOURAOUI and M. AOUNI
  • View 
  • View Abstract  The antibacterial and antifungal activities of brown alga (Zonaria tournefortii) against 4-pathogenic fungi [Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Scytalidium dimidiatum and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis] and several multi-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were investigated. Aqueous extract of fresh alga (Zonaria tournefortii) and the fractions (obtained after crude extract purification by flash chromatography using C18 column) were tested for antimicrobial activity. The Z. tournefortii aqueous extract was highly active against MRSA and two fungi Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. On fractionation, 6-fractions (F1-F6) of crude extract were obtained, and amongst them F2 and F3 were highly active against MRSA, and F2 had the strongest activity. Thus Z. tournefortii is promising candidate for antimicrobial agents especially against human and animal MRSA, C. albicans and C. neoformans.


October, 2014  Volume (34 - 2)
Antifungal potential; 1,2-dihydroxyethyl-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one; Emblica officinalis; Fusarium oxysporum; Rhizoctonia solani; 2,3,7,8-tetrahydroxy-chromeno[5,4,3-cde]chromene-5,10-dione
Article image
Chemical characterization of antifungal constituents of Emblica officinalis
  • Pages - 155-178
  • C. ARORA CHUGH 1* and D. BHARTI
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Hexane and methanol extracts of Emblica officinalis were screened for their antifungal activity against fungal pathogens [Fusarium oxysporum and Rhizoctonia solani] causing stem canker and potato wilt, respectively. Fractions collected from the methanol extract proved more effective against both test pathogens. Six compounds [(E) -oct-4-ene-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8-octanol; 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid; propyl 3, 4, 5-trihydroxybenzoate; 3, 5, 7, 3', 4'-penta-hydroxy flavone; 2,3,7,8-tetrahydroxy-chromeno[5,4,3-cde]chromene-5,10-dione; and 1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one] were isolated and characterized from different bioactive fractions of methanol extract. Fraction 112 and 106 possessing 1,2-dihydroxyethyl-3,4-dihydroxyfuran-2(5H)-one and 2,3,7,8-tetrahydroxy- chromeno [5,4,3-cde] chromene - 5,10-dione proved most inhibitory (2 mg per disc) to F. oxysporumand R. solani,respectively. We observed that whole fraction exhibited more inhibition than pure constituent(s) isolated from the respective fraction(s). Perhaps this observation was synergistic effect of isolated bioactive constituent with other chemical constituents present in the fraction.


October, 2014  Volume (34 - 2)
Allelopathic effects, Kigelia pinnataDC., Lactuca sativa L., tecomaquinone-I, D-sesamin, paulowin, wodeshiol, kigelinone, germination, seedling growth.
Article image
Allelopathic evaluation of secondary metabolites isolated from stem of Kigelia pinnata DC. tree on lettuce (Lactuca sativaL. var. longifoliaLam.)
  • Pages - 179-194
  • K.K. SHARMA *, A.K. SHARMA, M.C. SHARMA and J. B. S. KACHHAWA
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Phytochemical examination of chloroform layer obtained by partitioning of crude methanol extract of stem heartwood of Kigelia pinnata DC. tree afforded 9-compounds (I-IX). Their structures were ascertained by using IR, 1HNMR, 13 CNMR and MS. All purified compounds were evaluated for their plant toxic effects on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia Lam.). The compounds tecomaquinone-I (II), Dsesamin (VI), paulowin (VII), wodeshiol (VIII) and kigelinone (IX) significantly inhibited the germination (50 - 70%) and radicle growth (55 - 82%) of lettuce.


October, 2014  Volume (34 - 2)
Allelochemical, allelopathy, esterase activity, flow cytometry, growth, inhibition, Microcystis aeruginosa, multiple daily exposures, phytolpankton, pyrogallol, Selenastrum capricornutum
Article image
Effects of daily exposure of Cyanobacterium and Chlorophyte to low-doses of Pyrogallol
  • Pages - 195-206
  • Z.Y. LU 1, B.Y. LIU *, Y. HE 1, Z.L. CHEN, Q.H. ZHOU and Z. B. WU
  • View 
  • View Abstract  The effects of daily exposures to low-doses of the allelochemical pyrogallol on structural characteristics and metabolic states of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosaand the chlorophyte Selenastrum capricornutumwere examined. A dosedependent relationship was seen between single daily dose and the growth rate in S. capricornutum. After continuous exposures for 6-days, cell size of M. aeruginosa decreased but it increased in S. capricornutum, whereas, the cell granularity increased in M. aeruginosaand decreased in S. capricornutum. In M. aeruginosa, the pattern of metabolism was consistent with the trend of growth rate and when pyrogallol exerted its inhibitory effect, the daily dose could not be lower than 0.5 mg L -1 . These results suggested that daily low-dose exposures was an effective and promising mode of allelochemicals inhibition of algae and mimic of the natural allelochemical-releasing process in the aquatic systems


October, 2014  Volume (34 - 2)
Allelochemicals, allelopathic activity, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Elodea nuttallii, GC-MS, Microcystis aeruginosa, Scenedesmus obliquus and Selenastrum capricornutum,volatile oil.
Article image
Identification of antialgal compounds from the aquatic plant Elodea nuttallii
  • Pages - 207-214
  • H.Q. WANG, H.J. ZHU, L.Y. ZHANG 1* , W.J. XUE and B. YUAN
  • View 
  • View Abstract  To control the growth of nuisance algae with the allelopathic compounds released from the quatic macrophytes is promising and environmental friendly technique. Volatiles analysed in the submerged macrophyte, Elodea nuttallii by GC-MS showed complex mixtures, containing mainly alkanes, organic acids, terpenoids and ketones, etc. Antialgal assays showed the potent activity of dihydroactinidiolide and ß-ionone. The EC50of dihydroactinidiolide and ß-ionone on Microcystis aeruginosa were 30.1±1.7 and 25.3±2.1 mg/L, respectively. Dihydroactinidiolide, ß-ionone, pentadecanoic acid, linoleic acid, a-linolenic acid and stearic acid were most potent allelochemicals from E. nuttallii, which inhibited the growth of M. aeruginosa, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Scenedesmus obliquus and Selenastrum capricornutum.


October, 2014  Volume (34 - 2)
Artemisia ordosica, allelochemical, Corispermum puberulum, GC-MS, extraction conditions
Article image
Effects of extraction conditions on allelochemicalsrelease from the Artemisia ordosica
  • Pages - 215-226
  • W. H. DENG a, B. Y. CHEN 2, a , Y. Q. ZHANG 1, a , J. Q. ZHANG, S. G. QIN 1, R. WANG 3, N. N. WANG 2, B. WU 2and Y. B. SHEN 2*
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Using different extraction conditions, the allelochemicals in roots, stems, leaves and seeds of A. ordosica were examined and characterized using GC-MS. Irrespective of extraction conditions, all parts of plant have similar allelochemical profile with minor variations although the content of individual allelochemical varied. The stems and leaves had higher content of allelochemicals, than other parts. The compounds found were mainly low molecular weight organic acids, phenols and fatty acids. When aqueous extracts of various plant parts were tested for their effect on germination of Corispermum puberulum seeds, the stems and leaves extracts were most inhibitory than extracts of roots or seeds.


October, 2014  Volume (34 - 2)
Allelopathic root interactions, Amaranthus retroflexus, Fagopyrum esculentum, methodology, resource competition, sorghum, weed suppression, shading
Article image
Simple method to separate resource competition from allelopathic root interactions
  • Pages - 227-240
  • B. FALQUET, D. ROUX, L. HENRIET, F. TSCHUY and J. WIRTH 1
  • View 
  • View Abstract  This study developed and validated a simple method to study allelopathic effects of belowground root interactions between two plant species. The objective was to separate resource competition for water, nutrients and light from phytotoxic root interactions between an allelopathic donor plant (cover crop) and a sensitive receiver plant (annual weed). Experiments were done in non-sterile soil in pots under controlled conditions in a phytotron. Water and nutrient supply were kept constant in sufficient amounts throughout the experiment. The effect of shading was evaluated by the presence or absence of vertical nets between the competing plants. Growth repressing allelopathic root interactions were studied by separating the rhizospheres of the weed and the cover crop species with impenetrable plastic barriers in one condition and by allowing interplant root contacts in the other condition. The growth repressing effect of Fagopyrum esculentum Moench (common buckwheat) and Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench x Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf (sorghum sudangrass hybrid) on Amaranthus retroflexus (L.) (redroot pigweed) was very strong (91% and 68% respectively). It was due to both competitive shading effects (64% and 21% respectively) and root interactions (75% and 60% respectively) of potentially allelopathic nature.


October, 2014  Volume (34 - 2)
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum, Fusarium wilt, growth, Hexadecanoic acid, HAD, watermelon
Article image
Effects of Hexadecanoic acid onFusarium oxysporumf. sp. niveum control and on growth of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)
  • Pages - 241-252
  • LIRONG CHU, KAI PAN *, F. Z. WU, L. TAO and Y. WANG
  • View 
  • View Abstract  The effects of hexadecanoic acid (HDA) were examined on growth, sporulation and germination of F. oxysporumf.sp. niveum(a soil-borne pathogen of watermelon) and on the growth of watermelon. On potato dextrose agar (PDA) containing different concentrations of HDA, the fungal growth, spore production and and spore germination was affected. HDA when added to soil at 0.25-1 mmol/kg, promoted the watermelon growth, increased leaf chlorophyll content, root vigour and protected the plants from the wilt. However, higher concentrations ( >4 mmol/kg)) inhibited the watermelon growth. The HDA application improved the watermelon growth by supressing the Fusarium wilt .


October, 2014  Volume (34 - 2)
Allelopathy, Ageratina adenophora, allelochemicals, autotoxicity, antioxidant enzymes, leachates, root exudates, seed germination, seedling growth
Article image
Effects of allelochemicals from Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) on its own autotoxicity
  • Pages - 253-264
  • X. Z. ZHU 1, J. GUO 2, H. SHAO 3and G. Q. YANG 2*
  • View 
  • View Abstract  We investigated the autotoxic effects of 4-allelopathic compounds [dis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), amorpha-4,7(11)-dien-8-one (DTD), 6-hydroxy-5-isopropyl-3,8- dimethyl-4a,5,6,7,8,8a- hexahydraphthalen- 2(1H)-one (HHO)] from the invasive Weed species Ageratina adenophoraand their biochemical mechanisms. The allelochemicals DEHP and DBP were extracted from the roots, while, DTD and HHO (the main allelopathic compounds) were isolated from the leachates of A. adenophora. In bioassay, the allelochemical DBP from the root exudates was inhibitory to seed germination and seedling growth of A. adenophora, but the DEHP was not autotoxic. Both allelochemicals i.e. DTD and HHO from leachates of A. adenophora also inhibted either germination or seedling growth of A. adenophora at different concentrations. The application of DEHP and DBP increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme. Whereas DTD had no significant effects on SOD activities and HHO inhibited the SOD activities. All these four allelochemicals did not influence the activity of peroxidase (POD). Thus two allelochemicals (DEHP and DBP) from the root exudates of A. adenophora caused the lipid peroxidation and damage to cell membrane of A. adenophoraleaves.


October, 2014  Volume (34 - 2)
Continuous cropping, cowpea, Biofertilization, ATPase,
Article image
Biofertilization alleviates problems of continuous cowpea cropping by degrading autotoxins in soil
  • Pages - 265-276
  • X. X. HUANG *, C. F. LIN, B. C. WANG, Z. H. HU, G. L. ZHOU, A. H. WANG and C. L. YU
  • View 
  • View Abstract  The effects of biofertilization on alleviating the problems in continuous cowpea cropping has been examined. Compared with NPK fertilization, biofertilization significantly improved shoot length, total biomass, volume, activity, H+ -ATPase activities, levels of free Spm (spermine) and free Spd (spermidine) in the roots of the continuously cropped cowpea. The addition of exogenous cinnamic acid increased the levels of the cinnamic acid in rhizosphere soils and decreased total biomass, volume, activity and H +-ATPase level of the root, while biofertilization alleviated these adverse effects. These results suggest that biofertilization helps in alleviating the adverse effects of continuous cowpea cropping by eliminating the autotoxins.


October, 2014  Volume (34 - 2)
Allelopathy, chevalier herbicide, phenolics, sorghum {Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench)} residues, wheat (Triticum aestivumL.), weeds.
Article image
Weed control in wheat using sorghum residues and less herbicide
  • Pages - 277-286
  • NABIL R. LAHMOD 1and IBRAHIM S. ALSAADAWI 2*
  • View 
  • View Abstract  A two-year field trial was conducted to test the responses of weed and wheat crop to different rates (3.5, 5.3 and 7.6 t ha -1 ) of Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench) residues alone or in combination with 50% rate (160 g ha -1 ) of mesosulfuron and iodosulfuron as the chevalier herbicide. Weedy check, 50% dose and full dose of herbicide treatments were included for comparison. All treatments significantly reduced the weed population and their dry weight over weedy check treatment in both years (2010 and 2011). However, plots treated with 50% rate of herbicide and amended with sorghum residues significantly suppressed weed density and dry biomass than when the residue or reduced herbicide rates were applied alone. Application of chevalier herbicide at 50% rate in plots amended with sorghum residue at rates 3.5 and 5.3 t ha -1 resulted in similar yield as with the full herbicide dose (320 g ha -1 ) treatment; while the higher residues rate (7.6 t ha -1 ) alone or with 50% herbicide dose decreased the crop yield. The increase in yield was apparently due to increase in number of spikes per unit area. Biochemical analysis revealed the presence of higher total phenolics in sorghum amended field plots thancontrol plots soil. Periodic data revealed that maximum quantities of phenolics coincided with the period of maximum suppressive activity against weeds under field condition, which explain the activity of phytotoxins on weed suppression. Integration of sorghum residues at 3.5 and 5.3 t ha -1 with half dose of chevalier herbicide rate provided weed suppression without compromising yield. The other advantages of this method were improvement of soil physical-chemical and physical properties.


October, 2014  Volume (34 - 2)
Allelopathy, allelopathic crop, Brassica napus (L.), Convolvulus arvensis (L.), glucosinolates, Phalaris minor (Retz.), rapeseed, seed germination, seed growth, Sorghum halepense (L.), water extract, weed control.
Article image
Effects of concentrations of Brassica napus(L.) water extracts on the germination and growth of weed species
  • Pages - 287-298
  • HADI. M. ALIKI *, JOHN .P.H. READE and MATTHEW A. BACK
  • View 
  • View Abstract  Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) contains allelochemicals that reduces the germination and growth of weed species. An in-vitroexperiment was carried out to investigate the effects of different concentrationsof B. napus(L.) water extracts from leaves, stems, roots and flowers on the seed germination and seedling growth of Phalaris minor (Retz.), Convolvulus arvensis (L.) and Sorghum halepense (L.) weeds. All treatments significantly inhibited seed germination, root length, fresh root weight, shoot length and fresh shoot weight of all weed species over the control. The inhibitory effects were concentration dependent. Flower and stem water extracts were most inhibitory to seed germination and root length of all weed species. This work highlighted the allelopathic potential of B. napus extracts for the management of weeds.


October, 2014  Volume (34 - 2)
Allelopathy, Amaranthus retroflexus, aqueous extract, barnyard grass, crab grass, Digitaria sanguinalis, dose-response curve, Echinochloa crus-galli,early growth, faba bean, germination, Glycine max, hormesis, phytotoxicity, maize, redroot pigweed, selectivity index, Soybean, Vicia faba, Zea mays
Article image
Vicia fabaaqueous extracts and plant material can suppress weeds and enhance crops
  • Pages - 299-314
  • L. ÁLVAREZ-IGLESIAS, C. G. PUIG, A. GARABATOS, M. J. REIGOSA and N. PEDROL
  • View 
  • View Abstract  The phytotoxic potential of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) was evaluated by both soil-based and aqueous extract laboratory bioassays. A preliminary bioassay was conducted in Petri dishes filled with faba bean-amended soil. The results revealed strong inhibitory effects on the early growth of the model species lettuce. The phytotoxic potential of aqueous extracts of faba bean aerial biomass was then determined on lettuce, maize and soybean as model crops in a temperate forage-based system, and Amaranthus retroflexus (redroot pigweed), Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass) and Digitaria sanguinalis (large crabgrass) as the most common associated weeds. Dose-response curves and IC50 and IC90 values for faba bean aqueous extracts were obtained. The results indicate that faba bean aqueous extracts significantly inhibited the germination and early growth of weeds. Except for the highest concentration, crops were not affected, or crops growth was enhanced by the aqueous extracts at concentrations that suppressed the weeds. Thus faba bean aerial biomass may be a promising material for weed control in sustainable-based crop systems.


Allelopathy Journal

Official Publication of Allelopathy Books

Contact Form
Contact

 
Publisher: Allelopathy Books

© 2025 Allelopathy Journal. All rights reserved.
Web site by: Web Design Pro