The article describes the main achievements and theoretical and practical developments in Allelopathy Research for the period 1937-2023 by scientists of USSR. The main biographical data and achievements of scientific activity of outstanding Soviet scientists in the field of allelopathy are given. -Boris Mikhailovich Mirkin, Pavlo Antonovich Moroz, Nikolay Mikhailovich Matveev, Victoria Vladimirovna Roshchina. These scientists deepened and developed the study of aspects of allelopathic tactics of plants on the example of fruitful perennial plants with the formation of criteria of allelopathic sensitivity and allelopathic tolerance, allelopathic threshold of sensitivity, allelopathic mode of biocenosis and its structure, expanded the substantive concept of allelopathically active compounds (genes) and ways of their existence and distribution in the biocenosis, the concept of aftereffects in monocultures is significantly detailed unchanged cultivation of plants in the same territory, the directions of allelopathic phytoindication are also detailed (P.A. Moroz, N.M. Matveev). The issue of species phytocenology was expanded and adapted from the standpoint of the formation of plant successions, phytocenological pressure in plant populations of different densities and species structure using the approaches of vitality tactics and levels of coenotic interaction of plants (B.M. Mirkin). New aspects of the study of allelopathic activity and allelopathic potential of plants based on the cellular-physiological cycle of neurotransmitter systems of the plant cell (chemoreception, chemosensitization, free-radical processes of chemical interaction, etc.) were initiated (V.V. Roshchina).