Allelopathic effects of lai (Durio kutejensis Hassk. Becc) leaf extract, on germination and early growth of weeds and crops
Allelopathic effects of lai (Durio kutejensis Hassk. Becc) leaf extract, on germination and early growth of weeds and crops
- Author(s) H. Manurung*, D. Susanto, R. Kusuma1, R. Agung Nugroho1, R. Aryani1 and A. Setiawan
- Year: 2024
- Month: September
- Volume: 63
- Pages: 45-58
Lai (Durio kutejensis Hassk. Becc) an endemic plant of Kalimantan-Indonesia leaves contain secondary metabolites as allelochemicals (alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, phenols, and steroids). We investigated the allelopathic effects of lai leaf extract on the seed germination and early growth of weeds (Ruellia tuberosa L. and Amaranthus spinosus L.) and crops (Oryza sativa L. and Zea mays L.). We conducted two experiments: Germination bioassay and Early growth greenhouse bioassay consisting of 0 (Control), 25, 50 and 75 % leaf extracts. The leaf extracts significantly decreased the germination and early growth of both test weeds and crops: Germination (%) (100 to 26.66 %), shoot length (9.40 to 3.16 cm); germination index (3.30 to 0.36); vigour index (9.40 to 0.84); biomass 1.43 to 0.14 g); and chlorophyll a (0.45 to 0.016 mg/L), b (0.077 to 0.024 mg/L), and total chlorophyll (0.122 to 0.038 mg/L) contents. In contrast, the extract increased the germination time (3.00 to 7.00 h), mortality (0 to 40 %), and phytotoxicity (0 to 2.33 %) of test plants. Higher concentrations of plant extracts were more inhibitory to germination and early growth in all test crops. Therefore, D. kutejensis leaf extract contains a natural compound that can be potentially suitable as an allelopathic-natural herbicide. In future, the results can be used to reduce the use of chemical herbicides in crop production.
